Articles | Volume 16, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-863-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-863-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
23 Jul 2020
Research article |
| 23 Jul 2020
| 23 Jul 2020
Pending recovery in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation at 26° N
National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
David A. Smeed
National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Eleanor Frajka-Williams
National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Damien G. Desbruyères
Ifremer, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d'Océanographie
Physique et Spatiale, IUEM, Ifremer centre de Bretagne, 29280
Plouzané,
France
Claudie Beaulieu
Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
William E. Johns
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami,
Miami, FL, USA
Darren Rayner
National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Alejandra Sanchez-Franks
National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
Molly O. Baringer
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Miami, FL,
USA
Denis Volkov
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA, Miami, FL,
USA
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of
Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Laura C. Jackson
Met Office, Exeter, UK
Harry L. Bryden
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton Waterfront
Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
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- A century-long eddy-resolving simulation of global oceanic large- and mesoscale state M. Ding et al. 10.1038/s41597-022-01766-9
- Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability L. Chafik et al. 10.1029/2022GL099133
- Influence of solar forcing on multidecadal variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) A. Ye et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1165386
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61 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Thirty Years of GOSHIP and WOCE Data: Atlantic Overturning of Mass, Heat, and Freshwater Transport V. Caínzos et al. 10.1029/2021GL096527
- The Forgotten Azores Current: A Long-Term Perspective H. Frazão et al. 10.3389/fmars.2022.842251
- The potential mechanisms of the dominant timescale of AMOC multidecadal variability in CMIP6/CMIP5 preindustrial simulations X. Ma et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06440-9
- Atlantic meridional overturning circulation increases flood risk along the United States southeast coast D. Volkov et al. 10.1038/s41467-023-40848-z
- Mechanisms for Late 20th and Early 21st Century Decadal AMOC Variability A. Megann et al. 10.1029/2021JC017865
- Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: Reviews of Observational and Modeling Advances—An Introduction M. Srokosz et al. 10.1029/2020JC016745
- Contemporary oceanic radiocarbon response to ocean circulation changes B. Pookkandy et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-06737-3
- Natural variability has dominated Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since 1900 M. Latif et al. 10.1038/s41558-022-01342-4
- The evolution of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since 1980 L. Jackson et al. 10.1038/s43017-022-00263-2
- Machine-learning nowcasting of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Z. Zhai et al. 10.1063/5.0207539
- Evolution characteristics of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and its thermodynamic and dynamic effects on surface air temperature in the Northern Hemisphere H. Wang et al. 10.1007/s11430-022-1102-y
- Impact of Southern Ocean surface conditions on deep ocean circulation during the LGM: a model analysis F. Lhardy et al. 10.5194/cp-17-1139-2021
- 120 Years of AMOC Variability Reconstructed From Observations Using the Bernoulli Inverse N. Fraser & S. Cunningham 10.1029/2021GL093893
- Impact of ocean data assimilation on climate predictions with ICON-ESM H. Pohlmann et al. 10.1007/s00382-022-06558-w
- Robust Weakening of the Gulf Stream During the Past Four Decades Observed in the Florida Straits C. Piecuch & L. Beal 10.1029/2023GL105170
- Physics-based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course R. van Westen et al. 10.1126/sciadv.adk1189
- Deconstructing Future AMOC Decline at 26.5°N H. Asbjørnsen & M. Årthun 10.1029/2023GL103515
- Observation-based estimates of heat and freshwater exchanges from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Arctic F. Li et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102640
- TIMCOM model datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Y. Tseng et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2022.102109
- Freshwater forcing of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation revisited F. He & P. Clark 10.1038/s41558-022-01328-2
- Atlantic overturning: new observations and challenges M. Srokosz et al. 10.1098/rsta.2022.0196
- A 30-year reconstruction of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows no decline E. Worthington et al. 10.5194/os-17-285-2021
- Projected Atlantic overturning slow-down is to be compensated by a strengthened South Atlantic subtropical gyre F. Marcello et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00750-4
- Sea level variability and modeling in the Gulf of Guinea using supervised machine learning A. Ayinde et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-48624-1
- The role of conceptual models in climate research H. Dijkstra 10.1016/j.physd.2023.133984
- Using CMIP6 Models to Assess the Significance of the Observed Trend in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation R. Kelson et al. 10.1029/2022GL100202
- Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic Y. Fu et al. 10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9
- Collapse and slow recovery of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) under abrupt greenhouse gas forcing P. Curtis & A. Fedorov 10.1007/s00382-024-07185-3
- Energetic overturning flows, dynamic interocean exchanges, and ocean warming observed in the South Atlantic M. Chidichimo et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00644-x
- Decadal variability of oxygen uptake, export, and storage in the Labrador Sea from observations and CMIP6 models J. Koelling et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1202299
- Wind-driven and buoyancy-driven circulation in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean H. Bryden 10.1098/rspa.2021.0172
- Regional imprints of changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in the eddy-rich ocean model VIKING20X A. Biastoch et al. 10.5194/os-17-1177-2021
- A dynamically based method for estimating the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26° N from satellite altimetry A. Sanchez-Franks et al. 10.5194/os-17-1321-2021
- The Iceland–Faroe warm-water flow towards the Arctic estimated from satellite altimetry and in situ observations B. Hansen et al. 10.5194/os-19-1225-2023
- Exploring AMOC Regime Change over the Past Four Decades through Ocean Reanalyses V. de Toma et al. 10.3390/cli10040059
- Detectability of an AMOC Decline in Current and Projected Climate Changes D. Lobelle et al. 10.1029/2020GL089974
- Ocean shelf exchange, NW European shelf seas: Measurements, estimates and comparisons J. Huthnance et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102760
- Heinrich event ice discharge and the fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Y. Zhou & J. McManus 10.1126/science.adh8369
- A stable Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a changing North Atlantic Ocean since the 1990s Y. Fu et al. 10.1126/sciadv.abc7836
- Observed change and the extent of coherence in the Gulf Stream system H. Asbjørnsen et al. 10.5194/os-20-799-2024
- Causes for Atlantic Freshwater Content Variability in the GECCO3 Ocean Synthesis X. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022JC018796
- Mechanisms and Impacts of Earth System Tipping Elements S. Wang et al. 10.1029/2021RG000757
- AMOC Recent and Future Trends: A Crucial Role for Oceanic Resolution and Greenland Melting? D. Swingedouw et al. 10.3389/fclim.2022.838310
- Investigating Winter Temperatures in Sweden and Norway: Potential Relationships with Climatic Indices and Effects on Electrical Power and Energy Systems Y. Mohammadi et al. 10.3390/en16145575
- Skilful decadal predictions of subpolar North Atlantic SSTs using CMIP model-analogues M. Menary et al. 10.1088/1748-9326/ac06fb
- Uncertainties in the Arctic Ocean response to CO$$_2$$: a process-based analysis O. Saenko et al. 10.1007/s00382-023-06986-2
- Florida Current transport observations reveal four decades of steady state D. Volkov et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-51879-5
- Surface atmospheric forcing as the driver of long-term pathways and timescales of ocean ventilation A. Marzocchi et al. 10.5194/os-17-935-2021
- Transports and Pathways of the Tropical AMOC Return Flow From Argo Data and Shipboard Velocity Measurements F. Tuchen et al. 10.1029/2021JC018115
- Comparing observed and modelled components of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26° N H. Bryden et al. 10.5194/os-20-589-2024
- Can we trust projections of AMOC weakening based on climate models that cannot reproduce the past? G. McCarthy & L. Caesar 10.1098/rsta.2022.0193
- The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 35°N From Deep Moorings, Floats, and Satellite Altimeter I. Le Bras et al. 10.1029/2022GL101931
- Meridional Connectivity of a 25‐Year Observational AMOC Record at 47°N S. Wett et al. 10.1029/2023GL103284
- A deep-learning estimate of the decadal trends in the Southern Ocean carbon storage V. Zemskova et al. 10.1038/s41467-022-31560-5
- Circulation adjustment in the Arctic and Atlantic in response to Greenland and Antarctic mass loss J. Berk et al. 10.1007/s00382-021-05755-3
- A century-long eddy-resolving simulation of global oceanic large- and mesoscale state M. Ding et al. 10.1038/s41597-022-01766-9
- Irminger Sea Is the Center of Action for Subpolar AMOC Variability L. Chafik et al. 10.1029/2022GL099133
- Influence of solar forcing on multidecadal variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) A. Ye et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1165386
- New insights into the eastern subpolar North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from OVIDE H. Mercier et al. 10.5194/os-20-779-2024
- Should AMOC observations continue: how and why? E. Frajka-Williams et al. 10.1098/rsta.2022.0195
- An Overview of Ocean Climate Change Indicators: Sea Surface Temperature, Ocean Heat Content, Ocean pH, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration, Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Thickness and Volume, Sea Level and Strength of the AMOC (Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation) C. Garcia-Soto et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.642372
Latest update: 20 Nov 2024
Short summary
The RAPID 26° N array has been measuring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) since 2004. Since 2009 the AMOC has, compared with previous years, been in a low state. In 2013–2015, in the northern North Atlantic, strong cooling was observed in the ocean and anticipated to intensify the strength of the AMOC some years later. Here, we analyse the latest results from 26° N and conclude that while the AMOC has increased since 2009, this increase is not statistically significant.
The RAPID 26° N array has been measuring the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)...
