Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1185-2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1185-2018
Research article
 | 
09 Oct 2018
Research article |  | 09 Oct 2018

Turbulence and hypoxia contribute to dense biological scattering layers in a Patagonian fjord system

Iván Pérez-Santos, Leonardo Castro, Lauren Ross, Edwin Niklitschek, Nicolás Mayorga, Luis Cubillos, Mariano Gutierrez, Eduardo Escalona, Manuel Castillo, Nicolás Alegría, and Giovanni Daneri

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Cited articles

Ariza, A., Landeira, J. M., Escánez, A., Wienerroither, R., Aguilar de Soto, N., Røstad, A., Kaartvedt, S., and Hernández-León, S.: Vertical distribution, composition and migratory patterns of acoustic scattering layers in the Canary Islands, J. Mar. Syst, 157, 82–91, 2016. 
Ayón, P., Criales-Hernandez, M. I., Schwamborn, R., and Hirche, H. J.: Zooplankton research off Peru: a review, Prog. Oceanogr., 79, 238–255, 2008. 
Ballón, M.: Acoustic study of macrozooplankton off Peru: biomass estimation, spatial patterns, impact of physical forcing and effect on forage fish distribution, Thesis, Universite Montpellier II, 205 pp., Montpellier, France, 2010. 
Ballón, M., Bertrand, A., Lebourges-Dhaussy, A., Gutiérrez, M., Ayón, P., Grados, D., and Gerlotto, F.: Is there enough zooplankton to feed forage fish populations off Peru? An acoustic (positive) answer, Prog. Oceanogr., 91, 360–381, 2011. 
Basedow, S. L., Eliane, K., Tverberg, V., and Spindler, M.: Advection of zooplankton in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard), Estuar. Coast. Shelf S., 60, 113–124, 2004. 
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Short summary
Fjord systems play an important role in primary production and carbon export. Acoustic, hydrographic and in situ abundance measurements were used to study macrozooplankton assemblages at 44.7° S. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton stopped at the hypoxic boundary layer and apparently did not tolerate the hypoxic conditions. Turbulence appears to be the oceanographic process that contributes to vertical mixing around the sill, helping the interchange of nutrients, feeding and carbon export.