Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-789-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-789-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Sea level budget over 2005–2013: missing contributions and data errors
H. B. Dieng
Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales – Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (LEGOS-CNES), Toulouse, France
A. Cazenave
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales – Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (LEGOS-CNES), Toulouse, France
International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, Switzerland
K. von Schuckmann
Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
M. Ablain
Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Ramonville, France
B. Meyssignac
Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales – Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (LEGOS-CNES), Toulouse, France
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Angélique Melet, Roderik van de Wal, Angel Amores, Arne Arns, Alisée A. Chaigneau, Irina Dinu, Ivan D. Haigh, Tim H. J. Hermans, Piero Lionello, Marta Marcos, H. E. Markus Meier, Benoit Meyssignac, Matthew D. Palmer, Ronja Reese, Matthew J. R. Simpson, and Aimée B. A. Slangen
State Planet, 3-slre1, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-4-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-3-slre1-4-2024, 2024
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The EU Knowledge Hub on Sea Level Rise’s Assessment Report strives to synthesize the current scientific knowledge on sea level rise and its impacts across local, national, and EU scales to support evidence-based policy and decision-making, primarily targeting coastal areas. This paper complements IPCC reports by documenting the state of knowledge of observed and 21st century projected changes in mean and extreme sea levels with more regional information for EU seas as scoped with stakeholders.
Florence Marti, Benoit Meyssignac, Victor Rousseau, Michaël Ablain, Robin Fraudeau, Alejandro Blazquez, and Sébastien Fourest
State Planet, 4-osr8, 3, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-3-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-4-osr8-3-2024, 2024
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As space geodetic observations are used to monitor the global ocean heat content change, they allow estimating the Earth energy imbalance (EEI). Over 1993–2022, the space geodetic EEI estimate shows a positive trend of 0.29 W m−2 per decade, indicating accelerated warming of the ocean in line with other independent estimates. The study highlights the importance of comparing various estimates and their uncertainties to reliably assess EEI changes.
Michaël Ablain, Noémie Lalau, Benoit Meyssignac, Robin Fraudeau, Anne Barnoud, Gérald Dibarboure, Alejandro Egido, and Craig James Donlon
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1802, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1802, 2024
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This study proposes a novel cross-validation method to assess the instrumental stability in sea level trends. The method involves implementing a second tandem flight phase between two successive altimeter missions a few years after the first. The trend in systematic instrumental differences made during the two tandem phases can be estimated below ±0.1 mm/yr (16–84 % confidence level) on a global scale, for time intervals between the tandem phases of four years or more.
Julia Pfeffer, Anny Cazenave, Alejandro Blazquez, Bertrand Decharme, Simon Munier, and Anne Barnoud
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 3743–3768, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3743-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3743-2023, 2023
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The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) satellite mission enabled the quantification of water mass redistributions from 2002 to 2017. The analysis of GRACE satellite data shows here that slow changes in terrestrial water storage occurring over a few years to a decade are severely underestimated by global hydrological models. Several sources of errors may explain such biases, likely including the inaccurate representation of groundwater storage changes.
Anny Cazenave, Julia Pfeffer, Mioara Mandea, and Veronique Dehant
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 733–735, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-733-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-733-2023, 2023
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While a 6-year oscillation has been reported for some time in the motions of the fluid outer core of the Earth, in the magnetic field and in the Earth rotation, novel results indicate that the climate system also oscillates at this 6-year frequency. This strongly suggests the existence of coupling mechanisms affecting the Earth system as a whole, from the deep Earth interior to the surface fluid envelopes.
Victor Rousseau, Robin Fraudeau, Matthew Hammond, Odilon Joël Houndegnonto, Michaël Ablain, Alejandro Blazquez, Fransisco Mir Calafat, Damien Desbruyères, Giuseppe Foti, William Llovel, Florence Marti, Benoît Meyssignac, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-236, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-236, 2023
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The estimation of regional Ocean Heat Content (OHC) is crucial for climate analysis and future climate predictions. In our study, we accurately estimate regional OHC changes in the Atlantic Ocean using satellite and in situ data. Findings reveal significant warming in the Atlantic basin from 2002 to 2020 with a mean trend of 0.17W/m², representing 230 times the power of global nuclear plants. The product has also been successfully validated in the North Atlantic basin using in situ data.
Adrien Guérou, Benoit Meyssignac, Pierre Prandi, Michaël Ablain, Aurélien Ribes, and François Bignalet-Cazalet
Ocean Sci., 19, 431–451, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-431-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-431-2023, 2023
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Based on the latest satellite observations published by the French space agency CNES, we present the current state of the sea level at the scale of the planet and assess its rise and acceleration over the past 29 years. To support scientific research we provide updated estimations of our confidence in our estimations and highlight key technological and scientific fields. Making progress on that will help to better characterize the sea level in the future.
Anne Barnoud, Julia Pfeffer, Anny Cazenave, Robin Fraudeau, Victor Rousseau, and Michaël Ablain
Ocean Sci., 19, 321–334, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-321-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-321-2023, 2023
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The increase in ocean mass due to land ice melting is responsible for about two-thirds of the global mean sea level rise. The ocean mass variations are monitored by GRACE and GRACE Follow-On gravimetry satellites that faced instrumental issues over the last few years. In this work, we assess the robustness of these data by comparing the ocean mass gravimetry estimates to independent observations (other satellite observations, oceanographic measurements and land ice and water models).
Martin Horwath, Benjamin D. Gutknecht, Anny Cazenave, Hindumathi Kulaiappan Palanisamy, Florence Marti, Ben Marzeion, Frank Paul, Raymond Le Bris, Anna E. Hogg, Inès Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Petra Döll, Denise Cáceres, Hannes Müller Schmied, Johnny A. Johannessen, Jan Even Øie Nilsen, Roshin P. Raj, René Forsberg, Louise Sandberg Sørensen, Valentina R. Barletta, Sebastian B. Simonsen, Per Knudsen, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Heidi Ranndal, Stine K. Rose, Christopher J. Merchant, Claire R. Macintosh, Karina von Schuckmann, Kristin Novotny, Andreas Groh, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022
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Global mean sea-level change observed from 1993 to 2016 (mean rate of 3.05 mm yr−1) matches the combined effect of changes in water density (thermal expansion) and ocean mass. Ocean-mass change has been assessed through the contributions from glaciers, ice sheets, and land water storage or directly from satellite data since 2003. Our budget assessments of linear trends and monthly anomalies utilise new datasets and uncertainty characterisations developed within ESA's Climate Change Initiative.
Florence Marti, Alejandro Blazquez, Benoit Meyssignac, Michaël Ablain, Anne Barnoud, Robin Fraudeau, Rémi Jugier, Jonathan Chenal, Gilles Larnicol, Julia Pfeffer, Marco Restano, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-229-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-229-2022, 2022
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The Earth energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere due to the increase in greenhouse gases and aerosol concentrations is responsible for the accumulation of energy in the climate system. With its high thermal inertia, the ocean accumulates most of this energy excess in the form of heat. The estimation of the global ocean heat content through space geodetic observations allows monitoring of the energy imbalance with realistic uncertainties to better understand the Earth’s warming climate.
Yvan Gouzenes, Fabien Léger, Anny Cazenave, Florence Birol, Pascal Bonnefond, Marcello Passaro, Fernando Nino, Rafael Almar, Olivier Laurain, Christian Schwatke, Jean-François Legeais, and Jérôme Benveniste
Ocean Sci., 16, 1165–1182, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1165-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1165-2020, 2020
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This study provides for the first time estimates of sea level anomalies very close to the coastline based on high-resolution retracked altimetry data, as well as corresponding sea level trends, over a 14-year time span. This new information has so far not been provided by standard altimetry data.
Michaël Ablain, Benoît Meyssignac, Lionel Zawadzki, Rémi Jugier, Aurélien Ribes, Giorgio Spada, Jerôme Benveniste, Anny Cazenave, and Nicolas Picot
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1189–1202, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019, 2019
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A description of the uncertainties in the Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) record has been performed; 25 years of satellite altimetry data were used to estimate the error variance–covariance matrix for the GMSL record to derive its confidence envelope. Then a least square approach was used to estimate the GMSL trend and acceleration uncertainties over any time periods. A GMSL trend of 3.35 ± 0.4 mm/yr and a GMSL acceleration of 0.12 ± 0.07 mm/yr² have been found within a 90 % confidence level.
WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1551–1590, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018, 2018
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Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Studying the sea level budget, i.e., comparing observed global mean sea level to the sum of components (ocean thermal expansion, glaciers and ice sheet mass loss as well as changes in land water storage) improves our understanding of processes at work and provides constraints on missing contributions (e.g., deep ocean).
Jean-François Legeais, Michaël Ablain, Lionel Zawadzki, Hao Zuo, Johnny A. Johannessen, Martin G. Scharffenberg, Luciana Fenoglio-Marc, M. Joana Fernandes, Ole Baltazar Andersen, Sergei Rudenko, Paolo Cipollini, Graham D. Quartly, Marcello Passaro, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 281–301, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-281-2018, 2018
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Sea level is one of the best indicators of climate change and has been listed as one of the essential climate variables. Sea level measurements have been provided by satellite altimetry for 25 years, and the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) program of the European Space Agency has given the opportunity to provide a long-term, homogeneous and accurate sea level record. It will help scientists to better understand climate change and its variability.
Graham D. Quartly, Jean-François Legeais, Michaël Ablain, Lionel Zawadzki, M. Joana Fernandes, Sergei Rudenko, Loren Carrère, Pablo Nilo García, Paolo Cipollini, Ole B. Andersen, Jean-Christophe Poisson, Sabrina Mbajon Njiche, Anny Cazenave, and Jérôme Benveniste
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 557–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-557-2017, 2017
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We have produced an improved monthly record of mean sea level for 1993–2015. It is developed by careful processing of the records from nine satellite altimeter missions, making use of the best available orbits, instrumental corrections and geophysical corrections. This paper details the selection process and the processing method. The data are suitable for investigation of sea level changes at scales from seasonal to long-term sea level rise, including interannual variations due to El Niño.
Christopher J. Merchant, Frank Paul, Thomas Popp, Michael Ablain, Sophie Bontemps, Pierre Defourny, Rainer Hollmann, Thomas Lavergne, Alexandra Laeng, Gerrit de Leeuw, Jonathan Mittaz, Caroline Poulsen, Adam C. Povey, Max Reuter, Shubha Sathyendranath, Stein Sandven, Viktoria F. Sofieva, and Wolfgang Wagner
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 9, 511–527, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-511-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-511-2017, 2017
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Climate data records (CDRs) contain data describing Earth's climate and should address uncertainty in the data to communicate what is known about climate variability or change and what range of doubt exists. This paper discusses good practice for including uncertainty information in CDRs for the essential climate variables (ECVs) derived from satellite data. Recommendations emerge from the shared experience of diverse ECV projects within the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative.
Marie-Isabelle Pujol, Yannice Faugère, Guillaume Taburet, Stéphanie Dupuy, Camille Pelloquin, Michael Ablain, and Nicolas Picot
Ocean Sci., 12, 1067–1090, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1067-2016, 2016
Loren Carrere, Yannice Faugère, and Michaël Ablain
Ocean Sci., 12, 825–842, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-825-2016, 2016
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New dynamic atmospheric (DAC_ERA) and dry tropospheric (DT_ERA) correction have been computed for the altimeter period using the ERA-Interim meteorological reanalysis. The corrections improve sea level estimations in Southern Ocean and in shallow waters; the impact is the most important for the first decade of altimetry, when operational meteorological models had a weaker quality. DT_ERA remains better in the recent period. New corrections significantly impact long-term regional trends.
Jean-François Legeais, Pierre Prandi, and Stéphanie Guinehut
Ocean Sci., 12, 647–662, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, 2016
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Sea level is a key indicator of climate change and has been monitored by satellite altimetry for more than 2 decades. The evaluation of the performances of the altimeter missions can be performed by comparison with in situ-independent measurements from Argo profiling floats. This allows for the detection of altimeter drift and the estimation of the impact of a new altimeter standard. This study aims at characterizing the errors of the method thanks to sensitivity analyses to different parameters.
James Hansen, Makiko Sato, Paul Hearty, Reto Ruedy, Maxwell Kelley, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Gary Russell, George Tselioudis, Junji Cao, Eric Rignot, Isabella Velicogna, Blair Tormey, Bailey Donovan, Evgeniya Kandiano, Karina von Schuckmann, Pushker Kharecha, Allegra N. Legrande, Michael Bauer, and Kwok-Wai Lo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3761–3812, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016, 2016
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We use climate simulations, paleoclimate data and modern observations to infer that continued high fossil fuel emissions will yield cooling of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic surfaces, slowdown and shutdown of SMOC & AMOC, increasingly powerful storms and nonlinear sea level rise reaching several meters in 50–150 years, effects missed in IPCC reports because of omission of ice sheet melt and an insensitivity of most climate models, likely due to excessive ocean mixing.
L. Zawadzki and M. Ablain
Ocean Sci., 12, 9–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-9-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-9-2016, 2016
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The reference mean sea level (MSL) record, essential for understanding climate evolution, is derived from the altimetric measurements of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission, followed by Jason-1 and later Jason-2 on the same orbit. Soon, Jason-3 will be launched on the same historical orbit, followed by Sentinel-3a on a new one. This paper shows linking missions with the same orbit enables meeting climate user requirements regarding the MSL trend while using Sentinel-3a would increase the uncertainty.
M. Ablain, A. Cazenave, G. Larnicol, M. Balmaseda, P. Cipollini, Y. Faugère, M. J. Fernandes, O. Henry, J. A. Johannessen, P. Knudsen, O. Andersen, J. Legeais, B. Meyssignac, N. Picot, M. Roca, S. Rudenko, M. G. Scharffenberg, D. Stammer, G. Timms, and J. Benveniste
Ocean Sci., 11, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-67-2015, 2015
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This paper presents various respective data improvements achieved within the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) project on sea level during its first phase (2010-2013), using multi-mission satellite altimetry data over the 1993-2010 time span.
J.-F. Legeais, M. Ablain, and S. Thao
Ocean Sci., 10, 893–905, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-893-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-893-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Approach: Remote Sensing | Depth range: All Depths | Geographical range: All Geographic Regions | Phenomena: Sea Level
Analyses of altimetry errors using Argo and GRACE data
Jean-François Legeais, Pierre Prandi, and Stéphanie Guinehut
Ocean Sci., 12, 647–662, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-647-2016, 2016
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Sea level is a key indicator of climate change and has been monitored by satellite altimetry for more than 2 decades. The evaluation of the performances of the altimeter missions can be performed by comparison with in situ-independent measurements from Argo profiling floats. This allows for the detection of altimeter drift and the estimation of the impact of a new altimeter standard. This study aims at characterizing the errors of the method thanks to sensitivity analyses to different parameters.
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