Articles | Volume 11, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-719-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-719-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Global representation of tropical cyclone-induced short-term ocean thermal changes using Argo data
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
J. Zhu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
R. L. Sriver
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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1. TCs are responsible for 1.87 PW (11.05 W/m2) of heat transfer annually from the global ocean to the atmosphere during storm passage (0-3 days) on a global scale. Of this total, 1.05±0.20 PW (4.80±0.85 W/m2) is caused by TS/TD and 0.82±0.21 PW (6.25±1.5 W/m2) is caused by hurricanes.
2.The net ocean heat uptake caused by all storms is 0.34 PW (4-20 days mean). Hurricanes induce 0.75±0.25 PW (5.98±2.1 W/m2) net heat gain, and TS/TD leads to 0.41±0.21 PW (1.90±0.96 W/m2) net heat loss.
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Piers M. Forster, Chris Smith, Tristram Walsh, William F. Lamb, Robin Lamboll, Bradley Hall, Mathias Hauser, Aurélien Ribes, Debbie Rosen, Nathan P. Gillett, Matthew D. Palmer, Joeri Rogelj, Karina von Schuckmann, Blair Trewin, Myles Allen, Robbie Andrew, Richard A. Betts, Alex Borger, Tim Boyer, Jiddu A. Broersma, Carlo Buontempo, Samantha Burgess, Chiara Cagnazzo, Lijing Cheng, Pierre Friedlingstein, Andrew Gettelman, Johannes Gütschow, Masayoshi Ishii, Stuart Jenkins, Xin Lan, Colin Morice, Jens Mühle, Christopher Kadow, John Kennedy, Rachel E. Killick, Paul B. Krummel, Jan C. Minx, Gunnar Myhre, Vaishali Naik, Glen P. Peters, Anna Pirani, Julia Pongratz, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Sophie Szopa, Peter Thorne, Mahesh V. M. Kovilakam, Elisa Majamäki, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Margreet van Marle, Rachel M. Hoesly, Robert Rohde, Dominik Schumacher, Guido van der Werf, Russell Vose, Kirsten Zickfeld, Xuebin Zhang, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Panmao Zhai
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This paper tracks some key indicators of global warming through time, from 1850 through to the end of 2023. It is designed to give an authoritative estimate of global warming to date and its causes. We find that in 2023, global warming reached 1.3 °C and is increasing at over 0.2 °C per decade. This is caused by all-time-high greenhouse gas emissions.
Guorong Zhong, Xuegang Li, Jinming Song, Baoxiao Qu, Fan Wang, Yanjun Wang, Bin Zhang, Lijing Cheng, Jun Ma, Huamao Yuan, Liqin Duan, Ning Li, Qidong Wang, Jianwei Xing, and Jiajia Dai
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The continuous uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the ocean leads to decreasing seawater pH, which is an ongoing threat to the marine ecosystem. The pH change was globally documented in the surface ocean but limited below the surface. Here, we present a monthly 1° gridded product of global seawater pH based on a machine learning method and real pH observations. The pH product covers the years 1992–2020 and depths of 0–2000 m.
Viktor Gouretski, Lijing Cheng, Juan Du, Xiaogang Xing, and Fei Chai
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-518, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-518, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
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High-quality observations are crucial to understanding ocean oxygen changes and their impact on marine biota. We developed a quality control procedure to ensure the high quality of the heterogeneous ocean oxygen data archive and to prove data consistency. Oxygen data obtained by means of oxygen sensors on autonomous Argo floats were compared with reference data based on the chemical analysis and estimates of the residual offsets were obtained.
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This data review is about the reprocessing of historical XBT profiles from the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian seas over the time period 1999–2019. A thorough data analysis has been performed starting from the original raw data and operational log sheets. The data have been first formatted and standardized according to the latest community best practices and all available metadata have been inserted, including calibration information never used before. A new Quality Control procedure has been applied.
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Short summary
Short summary
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Short summary
Short summary
Understanding how much and where the heat is distributed in the Earth system is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming oceans, atmosphere and land, rising temperatures and sea level, and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This study is a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to obtain the Earth heat inventory over the period 1960–2018.
Adria K. Schwarber, Steven J. Smith, Corinne A. Hartin, Benjamin Aaron Vega-Westhoff, and Ryan Sriver
Earth Syst. Dynam., 10, 729–739, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-729-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-10-729-2019, 2019
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Simple climate models (SCMs) underlie many important scientific and decision-making endeavors. This illustrates the need for their use to be rooted in a clear understanding of their fundamental responses. In this study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of model performance by evaluating the fundamental responses of several SCMs. We find biases in some responses, which have implications for decision science. We conclude by recommending a standard set of validation tests for any SCM.
Matz A. Haugen, Michael L. Stein, Ryan L. Sriver, and Elisabeth J. Moyer
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This work uses current temperature observations combined with climate models to project future temperature estimates, e.g., 100 years into the future. We accomplish this by modeling temperature as a smooth function of time both in the seasonal variation as well as in the annual trend. These smooth functions are estimated at multiple quantiles that are all projected into the future. We hope that this work can be used as a template for how other climate variables can be projected into the future.
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The altimetry data assimilation requires the addition of the mean dynamic topography to the altimetric sea level anomaly to match the model sea surface height. The mean dynamic topography is usually computed from the model long-term mean sea surface height. In this study, the impact of different mean dynamic topographies on the sea level anomaly assimilation is examined. Results show that impacts of the mean dynamic topography cannot be neglected.
F. Zheng and J. Zhu
Ocean Sci., 11, 187–194, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-187-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-187-2015, 2015
L. Cheng, J. Zhu, and R. L. Sriver
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-2907-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/osd-11-2907-2014, 2014
Preprint withdrawn
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1. TCs are responsible for 1.87 PW (11.05 W/m2) of heat transfer annually from the global ocean to the atmosphere during storm passage (0-3 days) on a global scale. Of this total, 1.05±0.20 PW (4.80±0.85 W/m2) is caused by TS/TD and 0.82±0.21 PW (6.25±1.5 W/m2) is caused by hurricanes.
2.The net ocean heat uptake caused by all storms is 0.34 PW (4-20 days mean). Hurricanes induce 0.75±0.25 PW (5.98±2.1 W/m2) net heat gain, and TS/TD leads to 0.41±0.21 PW (1.90±0.96 W/m2) net heat loss.
R. L. Sriver, M. Huber, and L. Chafik
Earth Syst. Dynam., 4, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-4-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Approach: In situ Observations | Depth range: All Depths | Geographical range: All Geographic Regions | Phenomena: Temperature, Salinity and Density Fields
The CORA 5.2 dataset for global in situ temperature and salinity measurements: data description and validation
World Ocean Circulation Experiment – Argo Global Hydrographic Climatology
How essential are Argo observations to constrain a global ocean data assimilation system?
Spatial scales of temperature and salinity variability estimated from Argo observations
On the observability of turbulent transport rates by Argo: supporting evidence from an inversion experiment
The instability of diffusive convection and its implication for the thermohaline staircases in the deep Arctic Ocean
The CORA dataset: validation and diagnostics of in-situ ocean temperature and salinity measurements
How well can we derive Global Ocean Indicators from Argo data?
Comparison of the fall rate and structure of recent T-7 XBT manufactured by Sippican and TSK
Tanguy Szekely, Jérôme Gourrion, Sylvie Pouliquen, and Gilles Reverdin
Ocean Sci., 15, 1601–1614, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1601-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1601-2019, 2019
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This study is an attempt to validate the quality of a global temperature and salinity dataset by estimating the effects of measurement errors on the estimated ocean variability. The study shows that the effects of the measurement errors decrease during the quality control process and are almost null for the delayed-time-mode quality-controlled dataset.
Viktor Gouretski
Ocean Sci., 14, 1127–1146, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1127-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1127-2018, 2018
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The new gridded WOCE-Argo Global Hydrographic Climatology (WAGHC) is described and compared with the NOAA WOA13 atlas. The monthly fields of temperature and salinity for 65 depth levels have a 1/4° spatial resolution. Two versions of the climatology were produced and differ with respect to the spatial interpolation performed on isobaric or isopycnal surfaces, respectively. The climatology characterizes the thermohaline state of the world ocean for the time period from 2008 to 2012.
V. Turpin, E. Remy, and P. Y. Le Traon
Ocean Sci., 12, 257–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-257-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-257-2016, 2016
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Argo profiling floats are continuously sampling the world ocean, providing temperature and salinity profiles of up to 2000 m depths. This article addresses the impact of the current Argo array on real-time ocean analyses and forecasts. One-year observing system experiments were carried out with the 0.25° global Mercator Ocean monitoring and forecasting system. The improvement due to the assimilation of the Argo profiles is estimated globally and regionally, showing a significant positive impact.
F. Ninove, P.-Y. Le Traon, E. Remy, and S. Guinehut
Ocean Sci., 12, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1-2016, 2016
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Argo floats are one of the main components of the in situ observation network in the ocean. Nowadays, more than 3500 profiling floats are sampling the world ocean. In this study, they are used to characterize spatial scales of temperature and salinity variations from the surface down to 1500m. The scales appear to be anisotropic and vary from about 100km at high latitudes to 700km in the Indian and Pacific equatorial and tropical regions.
G. Forget, D. Ferreira, and X. Liang
Ocean Sci., 11, 839–853, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-839-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-839-2015, 2015
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Results from the ECCO v4 ocean state estimate identify the constraint of fitting Argo profiles as an effective observational basis for inverse estimation of regional turbulent transport rates. The estimated parameters' geography is physically plausible and exhibits close connections with the observed upper-ocean stratification. They yield a clear reduction in the model drift away from observations over multi-century-long simulations, including for independent biochemistry variables.
S.-Q. Zhou, L. Qu, Y.-Z. Lu, and X.-L. Song
Ocean Sci., 10, 127–134, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-127-2014, 2014
C. Cabanes, A. Grouazel, K. von Schuckmann, M. Hamon, V. Turpin, C. Coatanoan, F. Paris, S. Guinehut, C. Boone, N. Ferry, C. de Boyer Montégut, T. Carval, G. Reverdin, S. Pouliquen, and P.-Y. Le Traon
Ocean Sci., 9, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-1-2013, 2013
K. von Schuckmann and P.-Y. Le Traon
Ocean Sci., 7, 783–791, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-783-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-783-2011, 2011
S. Kizu, C. Sukigara, and K. Hanawa
Ocean Sci., 7, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-231-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-231-2011, 2011
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Short summary
1. Argo floats were used to examine tropical cyclone (TC) induced ocean thermal changes on the global scale by comparing temperature profiles before and after TC passage.
2. Global average of the vertical structure of the average ocean thermal response for two different categories: tropical storms/depressions (TS/TD) and hurricanes were presented.
3. Significant differences between weak storm (TS/TD) and strong storm (hurricane) were found.
1. Argo floats were used to examine tropical cyclone (TC) induced ocean thermal changes on the...