Belokopytov, V. N.: Long-term variability of cold intermediate layer renewal conditions in the Black Sea, in: Ecosystem Modeling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea, NATO Science Series, 2. Environmental Security – 47. Vol. 2, edited by: Ivanov, L. I. and Oğuz, T., 2, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL, 47–52, 1998.
Bjerknes, J.: Atlantic air-sea interaction, in: Advances in Geophysics, vol. 10, edited by: Landberg, H. E. and van Mieghem, J., Academic Press, New York, 1–82, 1964.
Boyer, T., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., Locarnini, R., Mishonov, A., Garcia, H., and Josey, S. A.: Changes in freshwater content in the North Atlantic Ocean 1955–2006, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 16603, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030126, 2007.
Boyer, T. P., Levitus, S., Antonov, J. I., Locarnini, R. A., and Garcia, H. E.: Linear trends in salinity for the World Ocean, 1955–1998, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, 1–4, 2005.
Daskalov, G. M.: Long-term changes in fish abundance and environmental indices in the Black Sea, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 255, 259–270, 2003.
Eden, C. and Willebrand, J.: Mechanism of Interannual to Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Circulation, J. Climate, 14, 2266–2280, 2001.
Enriquez, C. E., Shapiro, G. I., Souza, A. J., and Zatsepin, A. G.: Hydrodynamic modelling of mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea, Ocean Dynam., 55, 476–489, 2005.
Filippov, D. M.: The cold intermediate layer in the Black Sea, Oceanology, 5, 47–52, 1965.
Filippov, D. M.: Tsirkulyatsiya i structure vod Chernogo morya (Circulation and Structure of the Black Sea Water), Nauka, Moscow, 136 pp., 1968.
Gawarkiewicz, G., Korotaev, G., Stanichny, S. V., Repetin, L., and Soloviev, D.: Synoptic upwelling and cross-shelf transport processes along the Crimean coast of the Black Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 19, 977–1005, 1999.
Ginzburg, A. I., Kostianoy, A. G., Krivosheya, V. G., Nezlin, N. P., Soloviev, D. M., Stanichny, S. V., and Yakubenko, V. G.: Mesoscale eddies and related processes in the northeastern Black Sea, J. Marine Syst., 32, 71–90, 2002.
Ivanov, L. I., Beşiktepe, Ş. T. and Özsoy, E.: The Black Sea Cold Intermediate Layer, in: Sensitivity to Change: Black Sea, Baltic Sea and North Sea, edited by: Özsoy, E. and Mikaelyan, A., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL, 253–264, 1997.
Ivanov, L. I., Belokopytov, V. N., Özsoy, E., and Samodurov, A.: Ventilation of the Black Sea pycnocline on seasonal and interannual time scales, Mediterr. Mar. Sci., 1/2, 61–74, 2000.
Ivanov, L. I., Backhaus, J. O., Özsoy, E., and Wehde, H.: Convection in the Black Sea during cold winters, J. Marine Syst., 31, 65–76, 2001.
Kolesnikov, A.: Seasonal course of temperature, stability and vertical turbulent heat exchange in the open part of the Black Sea, Tr. Mor. Gudrol. Inst. USSR AS, 3, 3–13, 1953.
Levitus, S., Antonov, J., Boyer, T., Locarnini, R., Garcia, H., and Mishonov, A.: Global ocean heat content 1955–2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07608, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL037155, 2009.
McQuatters-Gollop, A., Mee, L. D., Raitsos, D. E., and Shapiro, G. I.: Non-linearities, regime shifts and recovery: The recent influence of climate on Black Sea chlorophyll, J. Marine Syst., 74, 649–658, 2008.
Murray, J. W., Codispoti, L. A., and Friederich, G. E.: Oxidation-reduction environments. The suboxic zone in the Black Sea, in: Aquatic Chemistry: Interfacial and Interspecies Processes, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series, vol. 244, edited by: Huang, C.-P., O'Melia, C. R., and Morgan, J. J., Advances in Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 157–176, 1995.
NGDC: ETOPO2v2 Global Gridded 2-minute Database, National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo2.html, 2006.
Oğuz, T.: Black Sea ecosystem response to climatic teleconnections, Oceanography, 18, 122–133, 2005.
Oğuz, T., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., Ducklow, H. W., and Murray, J. W.: Interdisciplinary studies integrating the Black Sea biogeochemistry and circulation dynamics, Oceanography, 15, 4–11, 2002.
Oğuz, T., Dippner, J. W., and Kaymaz, Z.: Climatic regulation of the Black Sea hydro-meteorological and ecological properties at interannual-to-decadal time scales, J. Marine Syst., 60, 235–254, 2006.
Özsoy, E. and Ünlüata, Ü.: Oceanography of the Black Sea: a review of some recent results, Earth-Sci. Rev., 42, 231–272, 1997.
Salihoglu, I.: Black Sea Integrated Coastal and Shelf Zone Monitoring and Modeling (INCOM) Program Science Plan, Report No. 248, NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS), 49 pp., 2000.
Schrum, C., Staneva, J., Stanev, E., and Özsoy, E.: Air-sea exchange in the Black Sea estimated from atmospheric analysis for the period 1979–1993, J. Marine Syst., 31, 3–19, 2001.
Shapiro, G. I.: Black Sea Circulation, in: Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd edn., edited by: Steele, J. H., Turekian, K. K., and Thorpe, S. A., Academic Press, Oxford, 3519–3532, 2008.
Shapiro, G. I., Aleynik, D. L., and Mee, L. D.: Long term trends in the sea surface temperature of the Black Sea, Ocean Sci., 6, 491–501, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-491-2010, 2010a.
Shokurova, I. G., Plastun, T. V., Belokopytov, V. N., and Khaliulin, A. K.: Comparative analysis of variability of hydrological parameters of water in the northwest and central Black Sea, Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zone and complex use of their resources: Proceedings, 17–26, 2004.
Sorokin, Y. I.: The Black Sea: Ecology and Oceanography, Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, NL, 875 pp., 2002.
Stanev, E. V., Roussenov, V. M., Rachev, N. H., and Staneva, J. V.: Sea response to atmospheric variability. Model study for the Black Sea, J. Marine Syst., 6, 241–267, 1995.
Stanev, E. V., Staneva, J. V., Bullister, J. L., and Murray, J. W.: Ventilation of the Black Sea pycnocline. Parameterization of convection, numerical simulations and validations against observed chlorofluorocarbon data, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 51, 2137–2169, 2004.
Stephens, C., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Conkright, M. E., Locarnini, R. A., O'Brien, T. D., and Garcia, H. E.: World Ocean Atlas 2001 vol. 1: Temperature, in: NOAA Atlas NESDIS 49, edited by: Levitus, S., US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2002.
Sur, H. \.I., Özsoy, E., Ilyin, Y. P., and Ünlüata, Ü.: Coastal/deep ocean interactions in the Black Sea and their ecological/environmental impacts, J. Marine Syst., 7, 293–320, 1996.
Suvorov, A. M., Eremeev, V. N., Belokopytov, V. N., Khaliulin, A. H., Godin, E. A., Ingerov, A. V., Palmer, D. R., and Levitus, S.: Digital atlas: Physical oceanography of the Black Sea, in: Environmental Control Systems, edited by: Eremeev, V. N., National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Sevastopol, 125–129, 2004.
Vinogradov, M. E. and Nalbandov, Y. R.: Effect of changes in water density on the profiles of physicochemical and biological characteristics in the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea, Oceanology, 30, 567–573, 1990.
Willis, J. K., Roemmich, D., and Cornuelle, B.: Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12036, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002260, 2004.
Zaitsev, Y. P.: Ecological consequences of anoxic events at the north-western Black Sea Shelf, in: Past and Present Water Column Anoxia. NATO Science Series, IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences, edited by: Neretin, L. N., 247–256, 2006.
Zaitsev, Y. P., Alexandrov, B. G., Berlinsky, N. A., and Zenetos, A.: Europe's biodiversity – biogeographical regions and seas: The Black Sea an oxygen-poor sea, EEA (European Environment Agency), Copenhagen, 2002.
Zatsepin, A. G., Ginzburg, A. I., Kostianoy, A. G., Kremenetskiy, V. V., Krivosheya, V. G., Stanichny, S. V., and Poulain, P.-M.: Observations of Black Sea mesoscale eddies and associated horizontal mixing, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 108, 3246–3274, 2003.