A model for predicting changes in the electrical conductivity, practical salinity, and absolute salinity of seawater due to variations in relative chemical composition

Pawlowicz, R.

doi:10.5194/os-6-361-2010

Articles | Volume 6, issue 1

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-361-2010

© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Special issue:

Thermophysical properties of seawater

https://doi.org/10.5194/os-6-361-2010

© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 6, issue 1

18 Mar 2010

| 18 Mar 2010

A model for predicting changes in the electrical conductivity, practical salinity, and absolute salinity of seawater due to variations in relative chemical composition

R. Pawlowicz

Viewed

Total article views: 5,565 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
2,239	3,108	218	5,565	244	229

HTML: 2,239
PDF: 3,108
XML: 218
Total: 5,565
BibTeX: 244
EndNote: 229

Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013, article published on 27 Nov 2009)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	12	44	4	60
Mar 2013	7	60	6	73
Apr 2013	12	51	2	65
May 2013	7	34	4	45
Jun 2013	9	36	0	45
Jul 2013	6	64	1	71
Aug 2013	12	27	0	39
Sep 2013	7	47	2	56
Oct 2013	10	61	3	74
Nov 2013	14	38	0	52
Dec 2013	16	48	5	69
Jan 2014	12	30	8	50
Feb 2014	9	41	8	58
Mar 2014	27	63	7	97
Apr 2014	13	39	2	54
May 2014	15	30	3	48
Jun 2014	9	46	2	57
Jul 2014	10	48	1	59
Aug 2014	14	53	1	68
Sep 2014	6	41	1	48
Oct 2014	11	33	1	45
Nov 2014	12	40	2	54
Dec 2014	14	36	2	52
Jan 2015	4	19	0	23
Feb 2015	14	23	2	39
Mar 2015	15	38	0	53
Apr 2015	24	47	1	72
May 2015	10	48	0	58
Jun 2015	24	26	1	51
Jul 2015	24	10	0	34
Aug 2015	10	23	2	35
Sep 2015	5	13	0	18
Oct 2015	15	18	0	33
Nov 2015	23	18	3	44
Dec 2015	6	9	2	17
Jan 2016	18	14	0	32
Feb 2016	12	11	0	23
Mar 2016	14	18	0	32
Apr 2016	15	12	0	27
May 2016	11	7	1	19
Jun 2016	7	5	0	12
Jul 2016	13	6	2	21
Aug 2016	7	9	0	16
Sep 2016	10	3	0	13
Oct 2016	8	6	0	14
Nov 2016	8	10	0	18
Dec 2016	7	8	1	16
Jan 2017	8	6	0	14
Feb 2017	5	5	0	10
Mar 2017	21	17	1	39
Apr 2017	18	9	1	28
May 2017	31	7	0	38
Jun 2017	23	8	0	31
Jul 2017	17	8	0	25
Aug 2017	2	3	0	5
Sep 2017	5	9	0	14
Oct 2017	5	8	1	14
Nov 2017	1	9	0	10
Dec 2017	2	6	0	8
Jan 2018	6	10	0	16
Feb 2018	7	6	1	14
Mar 2018	9	15	1	25
Apr 2018	8	19	0	27
May 2018	7	12	2	21
Jun 2018	2	6	0	8
Jul 2018	12	11	0	23
Aug 2018	6	10	0	16
Sep 2018	14	3	0	17
Oct 2018	11	12	2	25
Nov 2018	15	9	0	24
Dec 2018	8	6	1	15
Jan 2019	10	11	0	21
Feb 2019	9	15	0	24
Mar 2019	7	32	1	40
Apr 2019	5	51	0	56
May 2019	10	36	1	47
Jun 2019	9	29	0	38
Jul 2019	6	13	0	19
Aug 2019	8	10	0	18
Sep 2019	18	20	0	38
Oct 2019	9	16	0	25
Nov 2019	9	9	0	18
Dec 2019	12	7	0	19
Jan 2020	15	15	2	32
Feb 2020	13	18	1	32
Mar 2020	8	14	0	22
Apr 2020	9	9	0	18
May 2020	20	8	1	29
Jun 2020	24	15	0	39
Jul 2020	54	45	44	143
Aug 2020	7	18	7	32
Sep 2020	8	20	0	28
Oct 2020	10	15	0	25
Nov 2020	7	15	1	23
Dec 2020	15	23	0	38
Jan 2021	16	20	0	36
Feb 2021	14	7	0	21
Mar 2021	5	10	0	15
Apr 2021	12	13	0	25
May 2021	15	14	1	30
Jun 2021	15	13	0	28
Jul 2021	6	7	0	13
Aug 2021	6	15	0	21
Sep 2021	10	12	0	22
Oct 2021	13	47	1	61
Nov 2021	12	34	0	46
Dec 2021	13	13	0	26
Jan 2022	26	20	0	46
Feb 2022	14	14	2	30
Mar 2022	12	23	0	35
Apr 2022	15	13	2	30
May 2022	8	10	0	18
Jun 2022	27	7	0	34
Jul 2022	9	9	0	18
Aug 2022	12	12	0	24
Sep 2022	12	10	0	22
Oct 2022	13	8	0	21
Nov 2022	17	16	0	33
Dec 2022	22	16	0	38
Jan 2023	17	20	0	37
Feb 2023	16	21	0	37
Mar 2023	18	16	0	34
Apr 2023	6	7	1	14
May 2023	16	22	1	39
Jun 2023	15	15	0	30
Jul 2023	8	10	0	18
Aug 2023	8	13	1	22
Sep 2023	18	16	0	34
Oct 2023	16	16	2	34
Nov 2023	8	7	0	15
Dec 2023	13	14	2	29
Jan 2024	11	9	1	21
Feb 2024	14	13	3	30
Mar 2024	16	15	3	34
Apr 2024	34	25	15	74
May 2024	26	13	0	39
Jun 2024	32	31	2	65
Jul 2024	28	16	4	48
Aug 2024	40	7	2	49
Sep 2024	20	11	1	32
Oct 2024	33	10	1	44
Nov 2024	33	30	0	63
Dec 2024	32	22	2	56
Jan 2025	16	31	3	50
Feb 2025	32	18	3	53
Mar 2025	21	13	1	35
Apr 2025	20	24	2	46
May 2025	48	24	2	74
Jun 2025	61	37	1	99
Jul 2025	22	27	4	53
Aug 2025	31	37	0	68
Sep 2025	38	28	5	71
Oct 2025	26	33	2	61
Nov 2025	9	5	0	14

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013, article published on 27 Nov 2009)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	12	44	4	60
Mar 2013	7	60	6	73
Apr 2013	12	51	2	65
May 2013	7	34	4	45
Jun 2013	9	36	0	45
Jul 2013	6	64	1	71
Aug 2013	12	27	0	39
Sep 2013	7	47	2	56
Oct 2013	10	61	3	74
Nov 2013	14	38	0	52
Dec 2013	16	48	5	69
Jan 2014	12	30	8	50
Feb 2014	9	41	8	58
Mar 2014	27	63	7	97
Apr 2014	13	39	2	54
May 2014	15	30	3	48
Jun 2014	9	46	2	57
Jul 2014	10	48	1	59
Aug 2014	14	53	1	68
Sep 2014	6	41	1	48
Oct 2014	11	33	1	45
Nov 2014	12	40	2	54
Dec 2014	14	36	2	52
Jan 2015	4	19	0	23
Feb 2015	14	23	2	39
Mar 2015	15	38	0	53
Apr 2015	24	47	1	72
May 2015	10	48	0	58
Jun 2015	24	26	1	51
Jul 2015	24	10	0	34
Aug 2015	10	23	2	35
Sep 2015	5	13	0	18
Oct 2015	15	18	0	33
Nov 2015	23	18	3	44
Dec 2015	6	9	2	17
Jan 2016	18	14	0	32
Feb 2016	12	11	0	23
Mar 2016	14	18	0	32
Apr 2016	15	12	0	27
May 2016	11	7	1	19
Jun 2016	7	5	0	12
Jul 2016	13	6	2	21
Aug 2016	7	9	0	16
Sep 2016	10	3	0	13
Oct 2016	8	6	0	14
Nov 2016	8	10	0	18
Dec 2016	7	8	1	16
Jan 2017	8	6	0	14
Feb 2017	5	5	0	10
Mar 2017	21	17	1	39
Apr 2017	18	9	1	28
May 2017	31	7	0	38
Jun 2017	23	8	0	31
Jul 2017	17	8	0	25
Aug 2017	2	3	0	5
Sep 2017	5	9	0	14
Oct 2017	5	8	1	14
Nov 2017	1	9	0	10
Dec 2017	2	6	0	8
Jan 2018	6	10	0	16
Feb 2018	7	6	1	14
Mar 2018	9	15	1	25
Apr 2018	8	19	0	27
May 2018	7	12	2	21
Jun 2018	2	6	0	8
Jul 2018	12	11	0	23
Aug 2018	6	10	0	16
Sep 2018	14	3	0	17
Oct 2018	11	12	2	25
Nov 2018	15	9	0	24
Dec 2018	8	6	1	15
Jan 2019	10	11	0	21
Feb 2019	9	15	0	24
Mar 2019	7	32	1	40
Apr 2019	5	51	0	56
May 2019	10	36	1	47
Jun 2019	9	29	0	38
Jul 2019	6	13	0	19
Aug 2019	8	10	0	18
Sep 2019	18	20	0	38
Oct 2019	9	16	0	25
Nov 2019	9	9	0	18
Dec 2019	12	7	0	19
Jan 2020	15	15	2	32
Feb 2020	13	18	1	32
Mar 2020	8	14	0	22
Apr 2020	9	9	0	18
May 2020	20	8	1	29
Jun 2020	24	15	0	39
Jul 2020	54	45	44	143
Aug 2020	7	18	7	32
Sep 2020	8	20	0	28
Oct 2020	10	15	0	25
Nov 2020	7	15	1	23
Dec 2020	15	23	0	38
Jan 2021	16	20	0	36
Feb 2021	14	7	0	21
Mar 2021	5	10	0	15
Apr 2021	12	13	0	25
May 2021	15	14	1	30
Jun 2021	15	13	0	28
Jul 2021	6	7	0	13
Aug 2021	6	15	0	21
Sep 2021	10	12	0	22
Oct 2021	13	47	1	61
Nov 2021	12	34	0	46
Dec 2021	13	13	0	26
Jan 2022	26	20	0	46
Feb 2022	14	14	2	30
Mar 2022	12	23	0	35
Apr 2022	15	13	2	30
May 2022	8	10	0	18
Jun 2022	27	7	0	34
Jul 2022	9	9	0	18
Aug 2022	12	12	0	24
Sep 2022	12	10	0	22
Oct 2022	13	8	0	21
Nov 2022	17	16	0	33
Dec 2022	22	16	0	38
Jan 2023	17	20	0	37
Feb 2023	16	21	0	37
Mar 2023	18	16	0	34
Apr 2023	6	7	1	14
May 2023	16	22	1	39
Jun 2023	15	15	0	30
Jul 2023	8	10	0	18
Aug 2023	8	13	1	22
Sep 2023	18	16	0	34
Oct 2023	16	16	2	34
Nov 2023	8	7	0	15
Dec 2023	13	14	2	29
Jan 2024	11	9	1	21
Feb 2024	14	13	3	30
Mar 2024	16	15	3	34
Apr 2024	34	25	15	74
May 2024	26	13	0	39
Jun 2024	32	31	2	65
Jul 2024	28	16	4	48
Aug 2024	40	7	2	49
Sep 2024	20	11	1	32
Oct 2024	33	10	1	44
Nov 2024	33	30	0	63
Dec 2024	32	22	2	56
Jan 2025	16	31	3	50
Feb 2025	32	18	3	53
Mar 2025	21	13	1	35
Apr 2025	20	24	2	46
May 2025	48	24	2	74
Jun 2025	61	37	1	99
Jul 2025	22	27	4	53
Aug 2025	31	37	0	68
Sep 2025	38	28	5	71
Oct 2025	26	33	2	61
Nov 2025	9	5	0	14

Latest update: 08 Nov 2025