Articles | Volume 21, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1047-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-1047-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Sensitivity study of energy transfer between mesoscale eddies and wind-induced near-inertial oscillations
Yu Zhang
Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
Jintao Gu
Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
Shengli Chen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
Jianyu Hu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
Jinyu Sheng
Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
Jiuxing Xing
Institute for Ocean Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Kyoko Ohashi, Arnaud Laurent, Christoph Renkl, Jinyu Sheng, Katja Fennel, and Eric Oliver
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8697–8733, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8697-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8697-2024, 2024
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We developed a modelling system of the northwest Atlantic Ocean that simulates the currents, temperature, salinity, and parts of the biochemical cycle of the ocean, as well as sea ice. The system combines advanced, open-source models and can be used to study, for example, the ocean capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is a key process in the global climate. The system produces realistic results, and we use it to investigate the roles of tides and sea ice in the northwest Atlantic Ocean.
Shaokun Deng, Shengmu Yang, Shengli Chen, Daoyi Chen, Xuefeng Yang, and Shanshan Cui
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4891–4909, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4891-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4891-2024, 2024
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Global offshore wind power development is moving from offshore to deeper waters, where floating offshore wind turbines have an advantage over bottom-fixed turbines. However, current wind farm parameterization schemes in mesoscale models are not applicable to floating turbines. We propose a floating wind farm parameterization scheme that accounts for the attenuation of the significant wave height by floating turbines. The results indicate that it has a significant effect on the power output.
Wei Liu, Xuefeng Yang, Shengli Chen, Shaokun Deng, Peining Yu, and Jiuxing Xing
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-174, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2023-174, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Assessing environmental impacts of wind farms requires an accurate parameterization of wind farms in atmospheric models, which, in our study, is improved considering the wind turbine wake. Based on an engineering wake model of a turbine, a wake superposition coefficient and an angle correction coefficient are proposed, calculated and added in the model. Sensitivity experiments reveal that, with enlarged grid size and shortened turbine spacing, the new scheme shows more advantages.
Shengmu Yang, Jiuxing Xing, Shengli Chen, Jiwei Tian, and Daoyi Chen
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-39, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-39, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
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Motivated by the recent field observations of the eddy tilting structure in the South China Sea, a simple theoretical analysis and a numerical model (MITgcm) are used to investigate the mechanism of the vertical structure tilt of a mesoscale eddy on the β-plane. The model results correspond well with the theoretical analysis and the results indicate that the β-effect, nonlinear advection, and ocean stratification are important factors in controlling the vertical structure of a mesoscale eddy.
Liping Wu, Xiao-Yi Yang, and Jianyu Hu
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-26, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2018-26, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
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In this study, we constructed a objectively and comprehensively assessment framework to quantify the models’ ability of sea ice simulation, by which we can sort out some better models to constrain the biases of models and set a better basis for the study of future Arctic climate change prediction. Moreover, we further scrutinized on the model parameters and suggested the possible way to improve models’ performance on Arctic sea ice simulation.
Shengmu Yang, Jiuxing Xing, Daoyi Chen, and Shengli Chen
Ocean Sci., 13, 837–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-837-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-837-2017, 2017
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Motivated by eddy-splitting near Dongsha island, the eddy's trajectory and the effect of topography on eddy evolution were explored using the MITgcm. Warm eddies propagate to the southwest while cold eddies propagate to the northwest in open oceans. The results of the model indicate that the eddy would split in a qualitative range, and the location of the eddy split-off is related to the island size. In addition, eddy-splitting is an important way to transform energy between different scales.
Shengli Chen, Daoyi Chen, and Jiuxing Xing
Ocean Sci., 13, 829–836, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-829-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-829-2017, 2017
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Simulations are used to examine the response of a shallow closed basin to a wind pulse. Features and differences of inertial oscillations and near-inertial internal waves are explored. The horizontal distribution of near-inertial energy is primarily controlled by the boundary effect on inertial oscillations, and the near-inertial internal wave makes a secondary effect. Near-inertial energy is reduced for cases with smaller water depths, due to energy transferred to seiches by barotropic waves.
Related subject area
Approach: In situ Observations | Properties and processes: Internal waves, turbulence and mixing
Turbulent erosion of a subducting intrusion in the Western Mediterranean Sea
Overlapping turbulent boundary layers in an energetic coastal sea
Dissipation ratio and eddy diffusivity of turbulent and salt finger mixing derived from microstructure measurements
Internal-wave-induced dissipation rates in the Weddell Sea Bottom Water gravity current
Technical note: Spectral slopes in a deep, weakly stratified ocean and coupling between sub-mesoscale motion and small-scale mechanisms
Enhanced bed shear stress and mixing in the tidal wake of an offshore wind turbine monopile
A global summary of seafloor topography influenced by internal-wave induced turbulent water mixing
Turbulent dissipation from AMAZOMIX off the Amazon shelf along internal tides paths
Internal-tide vertical structure and steric sea surface height signature south of New Caledonia revealed by glider observations
Observations of strong turbulence and mixing impacting water exchange between two basins in the Baltic Sea
Giovanni Testa, Mathieu Dever, Mara Freilich, Amala Mahadevan, T. M. Shaun Johnston, Lorenzo Pasculli, and Francesco M. Falcieri
Ocean Sci., 21, 989–1002, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-989-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-989-2025, 2025
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In the Western Alboran Gyre, waters from the Atlantic and Mediterranean meet, creating density differences that cause some water to sink, affecting ocean ventilation and nutrient cycles. We collected data showing patches of water with higher oxygen and chlorophyll levels moving towards the gyre's center, with active mixing at their edges. This mixing diluted the patches, and other factors like water density and light penetration likely played a role in these dynamics.
Arnaud F. Valcarcel, Craig L. Stevens, Joanne M. O'Callaghan, and Sutara H. Suanda
Ocean Sci., 21, 965–987, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-965-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-965-2025, 2025
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This paper describes underwater robotic measurements in an energetic strait. The data show how energy is transferred from winds and tides to turbulent processes. Boundary layers of strong turbulence affected the water from surface to seafloor across an unusually deep extent, except when fresher or warmer waters moved into the region. Numerical models revealed that turbulent energy transport allowed boundary layers to interact. This phenomenon may impact the biological structure of coastal seas.
Jianing Li, Qingxuan Yang, and Hui Sun
Ocean Sci., 21, 829–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-829-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-829-2025, 2025
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The Osborn relation is widely used to estimate the diapycnal mixing rate, but its accuracy is questioned due to the assumed constant dissipation ratio (Γ) without identifying mixing types. We identify a salt finger and turbulence in the western Pacific and midlatitude Atlantic, finding that Γ is highly variable and related to turbulence parameters, through which we improve mixing rate estimates. Identifying mixing types and refining Γ are necessary to improve mixing parameterization accuracy.
Ole Pinner, Friederike Pollmann, Markus Janout, Gunnar Voet, and Torsten Kanzow
Ocean Sci., 21, 701–726, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-701-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-701-2025, 2025
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The Weddell Sea Bottom Water gravity current transports dense water from the continental shelf to the deep sea and is crucial for the formation of new deep-sea water. Building on vertical profiles and time series measured in the northwestern Weddell Sea, we apply three methods to distinguish turbulence caused by internal waves from that by other sources. We find that in the upper part of the gravity current, internal waves are important for the mixing of less dense water down into the current.
Hans van Haren
Ocean Sci., 21, 555–565, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-555-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-555-2025, 2025
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Ocean circulations include small-scale processes like transport through sub-mesoscale eddies and turbulence by internal wave breaking. Knowledge is lacking on the interaction between the different processes. In deep, weakly stratified waters, continuous spectral slopes are observed that extend from sub-mesoscales across the internal wave band to the turbulence range. Such correspondence is suggested as being a potential feedback mechanism stabilizing large-scale ocean circulations.
Martin J. Austin, Christopher A. Unsworth, Katrien J. J. Van Landeghem, and Ben J. Lincoln
Ocean Sci., 21, 81–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-81-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-81-2025, 2025
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Novel hydrodynamic observations 40 m from an offshore wind turbine monopile show that the turbulent tidal lee wake doubles the drag acting on the seabed, potentially enhancing sediment transport and impacting the seabed habitat and the organisms that utilise it. It also enhances the vertical mixing of the water column, which drives the transport of heat, nutrients and oxygen. As offshore wind farms rapidly expand into deeper waters, array-scale wakes may have significant ecological impacts.
Hans van Haren and Henk de Haas
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3603, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3603, 2024
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Turbulent water motions are important for the exchange of momentum, heat, nutrients, and suspended matter in the deep-sea. The shape of marine topography influences most water turbulence via breaking internal waves at ‘critically’ sloping seafloors. In this paper, the concept of critical slopes is revisited from a global internal wave-turbulence viewpoint using seafloor topography- and moored temperature sensor data. Potential robustness of the seafloor-internal wave interaction is discussed.
Fabius Kouogang, Ariane Koch-Larrouy, Jorge Magalhaes, Alex Costa da Silva, Daphne Kerhervé, Arnaud Bertrand, Evan Cervelli, Jean-François Ternon, Pierre Rousselot, James Lee, Marcelo Rollnic, and Moacyr Araujo
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2548, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2548, 2024
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The first time direct measurements of turbulent dissipation from AMAZOMIX revealed high energy dissipations within [10-6,10-4] W.kg-1 caused at 65 % apart from internal tides in their generation zone, and [10-8,10-7] W.kg-1 caused at 50.4 % by mean circulation of surrounding water masses far fields. Finally, estimates of nutrient fluxes showed a very high flux of nitrate ([10-2, 10-0] mmol N m-2.s-1) and phosphate ([10-3, 10-1] mmol P m-2.s-1), due to both processes in Amazon region.
Arne Bendinger, Sophie Cravatte, Lionel Gourdeau, Luc Rainville, Clément Vic, Guillaume Sérazin, Fabien Durand, Frédéric Marin, and Jean-Luc Fuda
Ocean Sci., 20, 945–964, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-945-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-945-2024, 2024
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A unique dataset of glider observations reveals tidal beams south of New Caledonia – an internal-tide-generation hot spot in the southwestern tropical Pacific. Observations are in good agreement with numerical modeling output, highlighting the glider's capability to infer internal tides while assessing the model's realism of internal-tide dynamics. Discrepancies are in large part linked to eddy–internal-tide interactions. A methodology is proposed to deduce the internal-tide surface signature.
Julia Muchowski, Martin Jakobsson, Lars Umlauf, Lars Arneborg, Bo Gustafsson, Peter Holtermann, Christoph Humborg, and Christian Stranne
Ocean Sci., 19, 1809–1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1809-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-1809-2023, 2023
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We show observational data of highly increased mixing and vertical salt flux rates in a sparsely sampled region of the northern Baltic Sea. Co-located acoustic observations complement our in situ measurements and visualize turbulent mixing with high spatial resolution. The observed mixing is generally not resolved in numerical models of the area but likely impacts the exchange of water between the adjacent basins as well as nutrient and oxygen conditions in the Bothnian Sea.
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Short summary
Current observations at two moorings in the northern South China Sea reveal that mesoscale eddies can transfer energy with near-inertial oscillations (NIOs). Numerical experiments are conducted to investigate important parameters affecting energy transfer between mesoscale eddies and NIOs, which demonstrate that the energy transferred by mesoscale eddies is larger with stronger winds and higher strength of the mesoscale eddy. Anticyclonic eddies can transfer more energy than cyclonic eddies.
Current observations at two moorings in the northern South China Sea reveal that mesoscale...