Articles | Volume 19, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-101-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-101-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Unifying biological field observations to detect and compare ocean acidification impacts across marine species and ecosystems: what to monitor and why
Steve Widdicombe
Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Kirsten Isensee
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 75732, France
Yuri Artioli
Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
Juan Diego Gaitán-Espitia
The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences,
The Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
Claudine Hauri
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks,
Fairbanks, AK 99775-0100, USA
Janet A. Newton
Applied Physics Laboratory and College of the Environment, University
of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6698, USA
Mark Wells
School of Marine Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME
04469-5706, USA
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second
Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
Sam Dupont
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of
Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, 45178, Sweden
Radioecology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),
Marine Laboratories, 98000, Principality of Monaco
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The reliability of ocean acidification research was challenged in early 2020 when a high-profile paper failed to corroborate previously observed impacts of high CO2 on the behaviour of coral reef fish. We now know the reason why: the
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Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
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Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Dana Greeley, Beth Curry, Julian Herndon, and Mark Warner
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The Salish cruise data product provides 2008–2018 oceanographic data from the southern Salish Sea and nearby coastal sampling stations. Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrient, and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 715 oceanographic profiles will facilitate further study of ocean acidification, hypoxia, and marine heatwave impacts in this region. Three subsets of the compiled datasets from 35 cruises are available with consistent formatting and multiple commonly used units.
Sam Dupont and Marc Metian
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This chapter summarizes some key general considerations for experimental research methods and compares the strengths and weaknesses of the different approaches. It also considers best practices relevant to ocean alkalinization enhancement, such as the need to properly monitor and consider the addition of trace elements and byproducts and potential interactions with other naturally occurring drivers.
Christoph Heinze, Thorsten Blenckner, Peter Brown, Friederike Fröb, Anne Morée, Adrian L. New, Cara Nissen, Stefanie Rynders, Isabel Seguro, Yevgeny Aksenov, Yuri Artioli, Timothée Bourgeois, Friedrich Burger, Jonathan Buzan, B. B. Cael, Veli Çağlar Yumruktepe, Melissa Chierici, Christopher Danek, Ulf Dieckmann, Agneta Fransson, Thomas Frölicher, Giovanni Galli, Marion Gehlen, Aridane G. González, Melchor Gonzalez-Davila, Nicolas Gruber, Örjan Gustafsson, Judith Hauck, Mikko Heino, Stephanie Henson, Jenny Hieronymus, I. Emma Huertas, Fatma Jebri, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Jaideep Joshi, Stephen Kelly, Nandini Menon, Precious Mongwe, Laurent Oziel, Sólveig Ólafsdottir, Julien Palmieri, Fiz F. Pérez, Rajamohanan Pillai Ranith, Juliano Ramanantsoa, Tilla Roy, Dagmara Rusiecka, J. Magdalena Santana Casiano, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Miriam Seifert, Anna Shchiptsova, Bablu Sinha, Christopher Somes, Reiner Steinfeldt, Dandan Tao, Jerry Tjiputra, Adam Ulfsbo, Christoph Völker, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu, and Ying Ye
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, 2023
Preprint under review for BG
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For assessing the consequences of human-induced climate change for the marine realm, it is necessary to not only look at gradual changes but also at abrupt changes of environmental conditions. We summarise abrupt changes in ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen concentration as the key environmental factors for ecosystems. Taking these abrupt changes into account requires greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to a larger extent than previously thought to limit respective damage.
Aaron Chesler, Dominic Winski, Karl Kreutz, Bess Koffman, Erich Osterberg, David Ferris, Zayta Thundercloud, Joseph Mohan, Jihong Cole-Dai, Mark Wells, Michael Handley, Aaron Putnam, Katherine Anderson, and Natalie Harmon
Clim. Past, 19, 477–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-477-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-477-2023, 2023
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Ice core microparticle data typically use geometry assumptions to calculate particle mass and flux. We use dynamic particle imaging, a novel technique for ice core dust analyses, combined with traditional laser particle counting and Coulter counter techniques to assess particle shape in the South Pole Ice Core (SPC14) spanning 50–16 ka. Our results suggest that particles are dominantly ellipsoidal in shape and that spherical assumptions overestimate particle mass and flux.
Shuangling Chen, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, 2021
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Subduction transports surface waters to the oceanic interior, which can supply significant amounts of carbon and oxygen to the twilight zone. Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific, we successfully identified the imprints of episodic shallow subduction patches. These subduction patches were observed mainly in spring and summer (70.6 %), and roughly half of them extended below ~ 450 m, injecting carbon- and oxygen-enriched waters into the ocean interior.
Samantha A. Siedlecki, Darren Pilcher, Evan M. Howard, Curtis Deutsch, Parker MacCready, Emily L. Norton, Hartmut Frenzel, Jan Newton, Richard A. Feely, Simone R. Alin, and Terrie Klinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 2871–2890, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2871-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2871-2021, 2021
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Future ocean conditions can be simulated using projected trends in fossil fuel use paired with Earth system models. Global models generally do not include local processes important to coastal ecosystems. These coastal processes can alter the degree of change projected. Higher-resolution models that include local processes predict modified changes in carbon stressors when compared to changes projected by global models in the California Current System.
Phillip Williamson, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Steve Widdicombe, and Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Biogeosciences, 18, 1787–1792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1787-2021, 2021
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The reliability of ocean acidification research was challenged in early 2020 when a high-profile paper failed to corroborate previously observed impacts of high CO2 on the behaviour of coral reef fish. We now know the reason why: the
replicatedstudies differed in many ways. Open-minded and collaborative assessment of all research results, both negative and positive, remains the best way to develop process-based understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms.
Fei Chai, Yuntao Wang, Xiaogang Xing, Yunwei Yan, Huijie Xue, Mark Wells, and Emmanuel Boss
Biogeosciences, 18, 849–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-849-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-849-2021, 2021
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The unique observations by a Biogeochemical Argo float in the NW Pacific Ocean captured the impact of a super typhoon on upper-ocean physical and biological processes. Our result reveals typhoons can increase the surface chlorophyll through strong vertical mixing without bringing nutrients upward from the depth. The vertical redistribution of chlorophyll contributes little to enhance the primary production, which is contradictory to many former satellite-based studies related to this topic.
Claudine Hauri, Cristina Schultz, Katherine Hedstrom, Seth Danielson, Brita Irving, Scott C. Doney, Raphael Dussin, Enrique N. Curchitser, David F. Hill, and Charles A. Stock
Biogeosciences, 17, 3837–3857, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3837-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3837-2020, 2020
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The coastal ecosystem of the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is especially vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification and climate change. To improve our conceptual understanding of the system, we developed a new regional biogeochemical model setup for the GOA. Model output suggests that bottom water is seasonally high in CO2 between June and January. Such extensive periods of reoccurring high CO2 may be harmful to ocean acidification-sensitive organisms.
Adrienne J. Sutton, Richard A. Feely, Stacy Maenner-Jones, Sylvia Musielwicz, John Osborne, Colin Dietrich, Natalie Monacci, Jessica Cross, Randy Bott, Alex Kozyr, Andreas J. Andersson, Nicholas R. Bates, Wei-Jun Cai, Meghan F. Cronin, Eric H. De Carlo, Burke Hales, Stephan D. Howden, Charity M. Lee, Derek P. Manzello, Michael J. McPhaden, Melissa Meléndez, John B. Mickett, Jan A. Newton, Scott E. Noakes, Jae Hoon Noh, Solveig R. Olafsdottir, Joseph E. Salisbury, Uwe Send, Thomas W. Trull, Douglas C. Vandemark, and Robert A. Weller
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 421–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-421-2019, 2019
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Long-term observations are critical records for distinguishing natural cycles from climate change. We present a data set of 40 surface ocean CO2 and pH time series that suggests the time length necessary to detect a trend in seawater CO2 due to uptake of atmospheric CO2 varies from 8 years in the least variable ocean regions to 41 years in the most variable coastal regions. This data set provides a tool to evaluate natural cycles of ocean CO2, with long-term trends emerging as records lengthen.
Claudine Hauri, Seth Danielson, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Russell R. Hopcroft, Peter Winsor, Peter Shipton, Catherine Lalande, Kathleen M. Stafford, John K. Horne, Lee W. Cooper, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Andrew Mahoney, Klara Maisch, Molly McCammon, Hank Statscewich, Andy Sybrandy, and Thomas Weingartner
Ocean Sci., 14, 1423–1433, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1423-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1423-2018, 2018
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The Arctic Ocean is changing rapidly. In order to track these changes, we developed and deployed a long-term marine ecosystem observatory in the Chukchi Sea. It helps us to better understand currents, waves, sea ice, salinity, temperature, nutrient and carbon concentrations, oxygen, phytoplankton blooms and export, zooplankton abundance and vertical migration, and the occurrence of fish and marine mammals throughout the year, even during the ice covered winter months.
Andrea J. Fassbender, Simone R. Alin, Richard A. Feely, Adrienne J. Sutton, Jan A. Newton, Christopher Krembs, Julia Bos, Mya Keyzers, Allan Devol, Wendi Ruef, and Greg Pelletier
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1367–1401, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1367-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1367-2018, 2018
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Ocean acidification (OA) is difficult to identify in coastal marine waters due to the magnitude of natural variability and lack of historical baseline information. To provide regional context for ongoing research, adaptation, and management efforts, we have collated high-quality publicly available data to characterize seasonal cycles of OA-relevant parameters in the Pacific Northwest marine surface waters. Large nonstationary chemical gradients from the open ocean into the Salish Sea are found.
Aisling Fontanini, Alexandra Steckbauer, Sam Dupont, and Carlos M. Duarte
Biogeosciences, 15, 3717–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3717-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3717-2018, 2018
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Invertebrate species of the Gullmar Fjord (Sweden) were exposed to four different treatments (high/low oxygen and low/high CO2) and respiration measured. Respiration responses of species of contrasting habitats and life-history strategies to single and multiple stressors was evaluated. Results show that the responses of the respiration were highly species specific as we observed both synergetic as well as antagonistic responses, and neither phylum nor habitat explained trends in respiration.
Peter von Dassow, Francisco Díaz-Rosas, El Mahdi Bendif, Juan-Diego Gaitán-Espitia, Daniella Mella-Flores, Sebastian Rokitta, Uwe John, and Rodrigo Torres
Biogeosciences, 15, 1515–1534, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1515-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1515-2018, 2018
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Coccolithophores are microalgae which produce much of the calcium carbonate in the ocean, important to making organic carbon sink to great depths, and they may be negatively affected by the decline in ocean pH as CO2 rises. Can these important microbes adapt? This study found that coccolithophores inhabiting waters naturally low in pH may have already reached the limit of their ability to adapt. This suggests that how the ocean's biota sequester carbon will be strongly affected in the future.
Momme Butenschön, James Clark, John N. Aldridge, Julian Icarus Allen, Yuri Artioli, Jeremy Blackford, Jorn Bruggeman, Pierre Cazenave, Stefano Ciavatta, Susan Kay, Gennadi Lessin, Sonja van Leeuwen, Johan van der Molen, Lee de Mora, Luca Polimene, Sevrine Sailley, Nicholas Stephens, and Ricardo Torres
Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 1293–1339, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1293-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-1293-2016, 2016
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ERSEM 15.06 is a model for marine biogeochemistry and the lower trophic levels of the marine food web. It comprises a pelagic and benthic sub-model including the microbial food web and the major biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate, and iron using dynamic stochiometry. Further features include modules for the carbonate system and calcification. We present full mathematical descriptions of all elements along with examples at various scales up to 3-D applications.
Y. Artioli, J. C. Blackford, G. Nondal, R. G. J. Bellerby, S. L. Wakelin, J. T. Holt, M. Butenschön, and J. I. Allen
Biogeosciences, 11, 601–612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-601-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-601-2014, 2014
J. Holt, C. Schrum, H. Cannaby, U. Daewel, I. Allen, Y. Artioli, L. Bopp, M. Butenschon, B. A. Fach, J. Harle, D. Pushpadas, B. Salihoglu, and S. Wakelin
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1909-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1909-2014, 2014
Revised manuscript not accepted
C. Hauri, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, S. C. Doney, R. A. Feely, Z. Lachkar, A. Leinweber, A. M. P. McDonnell, M. Munnich, and G.-K. Plattner
Biogeosciences, 10, 193–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-193-2013, 2013
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Short summary
Ocean acidification is a global perturbation of the ocean carbonate chemistry as a consequence of increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. While great progress has been made over the last decade for chemical monitoring, ocean acidification biological monitoring remains anecdotal. This is a consequence of a lack of standards, general methodological framework, and overall methodology. This paper presents methodology focusing on sensitive traits and rates of change.
Ocean acidification is a global perturbation of the ocean carbonate chemistry as a consequence...