Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-789-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-789-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The new CNES-CLS18 global mean dynamic topography
Sandrine Mulet
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
CLS, Altimetry and In-Situ Oceanography, Ramonville Saint Agne, 31520, France
Marie-Hélène Rio
CLS, Altimetry and In-Situ Oceanography, Ramonville Saint Agne, 31520, France
ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, 00044, Italy
Hélène Etienne
CLS, Altimetry and In-Situ Oceanography, Ramonville Saint Agne, 31520, France
Camilia Artana
Laboratoire LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université (UPMC, University
Paris 6), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Paris, 75000, France
Mercator Océan, Ramonville Saint Agne, 31520, France
Mathilde Cancet
Noveltis, Labège, 31670, France
Gérald Dibarboure
CNES, Ramonville Saint Agne, 31520, France
Ocean Process Analysis Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
Romain Husson
CLS Brest, Plouzané, 29280, France
Nicolas Picot
CNES, Ramonville Saint Agne, 31520, France
Christine Provost
Laboratoire LOCEAN-IPSL, Sorbonne Université (UPMC, University
Paris 6), CNRS, IRD, MNHN, Paris, 75000, France
P. Ted Strub
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA
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Cited
117 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Expected Precision of Gravity Gradient Recovered from Ka-Band Radar Interferometer Observations and Impact of Instrument Errors H. Guo et al.
- Validation of Just-Released SWOT L2 KaRIn Beta Prevalidated Data Based on Restore the Marine Gravity Field and Its Application H. Guo et al.
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- IBI-CCS: a regional high-resolution model to simulate sea level in western Europe A. Chaigneau et al.
- Numerical Models, Observing Systems, and Data Assimilation for Prediction of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies Z. Li et al.
- Impact of vertical resolution on representing baroclinic modes and water mass distribution in the North Atlantic X. Xu et al.
- Coastal Mean Dynamic Topography Recovery Based on Multivariate Objective Analysis by Combining Data from Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter Y. Wu et al.
- Probabilistic Prediction of Oceanographic Velocities with Multivariate Gaussian Natural Gradient Boosting M. O’Malley et al.
- Accelerated Basal Melt Rates of Ice Shelves in North Greenland From 2013 to 2022 Estimated With the High‐Resolution ArcticDEM G. Wang et al.
- The Iceland–Faroe warm-water flow towards the Arctic estimated from satellite altimetry and in situ observations B. Hansen et al.
- River dynamics in an active volcano: The case of the of the Sucio River, Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica S. Granados-Bolaños et al.
- Performance of marine gravity anomalies extracted from SWOT KaRIn data of science phase in the Gulf of Mexico W. Yan et al.
- On the longitudinal shifts of the Agulhas retroflection point W. Zhang et al.
- Optimized processing of SWOT fast-sampling data for marine gravity recovery: lessons for the 21-day science phase D. Yu & C. Hwang
- An Adaptive CNN-Based Approach for Improving SWOT-Derived Sea-Level Observations Using Drifter Velocities S. Asdar & B. Buongiorno Nardelli
- Improved global sea surface height and current maps from remote sensing and in situ observations M. Ballarotta et al.
- Analysis of vertical deflections determined from one cycle of simulated SWOT wide-swath altimeter data T. Jin et al.
- Quality assessment and comparison of two merged sea surface height products: ALT MUL and AVISO X. Lv et al.
- Inversion method of deflection of the vertical based on SWOT wide-swath altimeter data X. Liu et al.
- Accurate Sea Level Anomaly Forecast over North Pacific with Improved AI Training Strategies J. He et al.
- Key Factors for Improving the Resolution of Mapped Sea Surface Height from Multi-Satellite Altimeters in the South China Sea L. Liu et al.
- Assessing the thermohaline coherence of mesoscale eddies as described from in situ data Y. Barabinot et al.
- The performance of Tiangong-2 InIRA in gravity anomaly recovery from fused conventional nadir-observing altimeter data Y. Wang et al.
- Comparison of Mean Dynamic Topography Modeling from Multivariate Objective Analysis and Rigorous Least Squares Method Y. Wu et al.
- Convergence of the Malvinas Current branches near 44°S D. Frey et al.
- Spatial and Seasonal Variability of the Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll a Concentration in the Southern Ocean from Bio-Argo Data E. Kubryakova et al.
- Altimeter-Derived poleward Lagrangian pathways in the California Current System: Part 2 – 2-D patterns of parcel transports P. Strub & C. James
- Circulation and Cross‐Shelf Exchanges in the Northern Shelf Region of the Southwestern Atlantic: Kinematics V. Combes et al.
- DUACS DT2021 reprocessed altimetry improves sea level retrieval in the coastal band of the European seas A. Sánchez-Román et al.
- Enhanced Sea Surface Height Estimation With Interference Rejection Using High-Frequency Fully Focused SAR Altimetry Data Over Island Areas H. Shi et al.
- Advances in the observation and understanding of changes in sea level and tides P. Woodworth
- Southward shift of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current upstream of Drake Passage maintains a stable circumpolar transport C. Xie et al.
- Marine heatwaves and global warming impacts on winter waters in the Southern Indian Ocean C. Azarian et al.
- Improving High-Frequency Marine Gravity Anomaly Recovery: The Efficacy of SWOT Wide-Swath Altimetry J. Wang et al.
- A data-assimilative model reanalysis of the U.S. Mid Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine: Configuration and comparison to observations and global ocean models J. Wilkin et al.
- Long-Term Linear Meridional Shift of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa Based on Satellite Altimetry Data: Zonal Distribution R. Tarakanov
- Radial surface currents from space: An opportunity for mean dynamic topography estimation? C. Neyers & J. Brockmann
- Integrating multi-source altimetry observations for gravity anomaly derivation in the South China Sea Y. Wang et al.
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- Large River Plumes Detection by Satellite Altimetry: Case Study of the Ob–Yenisei Plume D. Frey & A. Osadchiev
- Nonseasonal Variations in Near-Inertial Kinetic Energy Observed Far below the Surface Mixed Layer in the Southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) S. Noh & S. Nam
- SDUST2021GRA: global marine gravity anomaly model recovered from Ka-band and Ku-band satellite altimeter data C. Zhu et al.
- Altimeter-derived poleward Lagrangian pathways in the California Current System: Part 1 P. Strub et al.
- Refining the Resolution of DUACS Along-Track Level-3 Sea Level Altimetry Products M. Pujol et al.
- Optimized estimation of marine deflection of the vertical from multibeam laser altimeter data of ICESat-2 H. Peng et al.
- Exploring the potential of Sentinel-3 delay Doppler altimetry for enhanced detection of coastal currents along the Northwest Atlantic shelf H. Feng et al.
- Extremely poleward shift of Antarctic Circumpolar Current by eccentricity during the Last Interglacial L. Lu et al.
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- Changes in Antarctic bottom water off the Wilkes Land coast in the Australian-Antarctic Basin T. Kobayashi
- Merging modelled and reported flood impacts in Europe in a combined flood event catalogue for 1950–2020 D. Paprotny et al.
- Lagrangian characterization of the southwestern Atlantic from a dense surface drifter deployment M. Saraceno et al.
- Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020) F. Doglioni et al.
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- Comparative Analysis of Jet Detection Methods on the Basis of Satellite Altimetry Data by Example of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Sector to the South of Africa R. Tarakanov
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- Refinement of Mean Dynamic Topography Over Island Areas Using Airborne Gravimetry and Satellite Altimetry Data in the Northwestern South China Sea Y. Wu et al.
- Long-Term Linear Meridional Shift of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa R. Tarakanov
- A new method for determining geoid gradient components from SWOT wide-swath data for marine gravity field D. Yu et al.
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- The SDUST2022GRA global marine gravity anomalies recovered from radar and laser altimeter data: contribution of ICESat-2 laser altimetry Z. Li et al.
- Enhancing satellite sea level anomaly data assimilation in a coupled general circulation model with a hybrid mean dynamical topography Y. Chen et al.
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- Seamount detection using SWOT-derived vertical gravity gradient: advancements and challenges D. Yu et al.
- Gravity anomalies determined from mean sea surface model data over the Gulf of Mexico X. Wei et al.
- Extreme sea level changes over the tropical western Pacific in 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warmer climates Y. Zheng et al.
- Global application of a regional frequency analysis to extreme sea levels T. Collings et al.
- Regional mapping of energetic short mesoscale ocean dynamics from altimetry: performances from real observations F. Le Guillou et al.
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- Seasonal Meridional Shift of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa R. Tarakanov
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- The contribution of coastal land subsidence to potential sea-level rise impact in data-sparse settings: The case of Ghana’s Volta delta S. Avornyo et al.
- On performance of vertical gravity gradient determined from CryoSat-2 altimeter data over Arabian Sea R. Zhou et al.
- A Review of Marine Gravity Field Recovery from Satellite Altimetry Z. Li et al.
117 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Analysing the impact of SWOT observation errors on marine gravity recovery M. Sun et al.
- Decomposition and characteristics of the ageostrophic currents at the ocean surface based on drifter trajectories W. Wu & Y. Du
- Expected Precision of Gravity Gradient Recovered from Ka-Band Radar Interferometer Observations and Impact of Instrument Errors H. Guo et al.
- Validation of Just-Released SWOT L2 KaRIn Beta Prevalidated Data Based on Restore the Marine Gravity Field and Its Application H. Guo et al.
- New LiDAR‐Based Elevation Model Shows Greatest Increase in Global Coastal Exposure to Flooding to Be Caused by Early‐Stage Sea‐Level Rise R. Vernimmen & A. Hooijer
- IBI-CCS: a regional high-resolution model to simulate sea level in western Europe A. Chaigneau et al.
- Numerical Models, Observing Systems, and Data Assimilation for Prediction of Ocean Mesoscale Eddies Z. Li et al.
- Impact of vertical resolution on representing baroclinic modes and water mass distribution in the North Atlantic X. Xu et al.
- Coastal Mean Dynamic Topography Recovery Based on Multivariate Objective Analysis by Combining Data from Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter Y. Wu et al.
- Probabilistic Prediction of Oceanographic Velocities with Multivariate Gaussian Natural Gradient Boosting M. O’Malley et al.
- Accelerated Basal Melt Rates of Ice Shelves in North Greenland From 2013 to 2022 Estimated With the High‐Resolution ArcticDEM G. Wang et al.
- The Iceland–Faroe warm-water flow towards the Arctic estimated from satellite altimetry and in situ observations B. Hansen et al.
- River dynamics in an active volcano: The case of the of the Sucio River, Irazú Volcano, Costa Rica S. Granados-Bolaños et al.
- Performance of marine gravity anomalies extracted from SWOT KaRIn data of science phase in the Gulf of Mexico W. Yan et al.
- On the longitudinal shifts of the Agulhas retroflection point W. Zhang et al.
- Optimized processing of SWOT fast-sampling data for marine gravity recovery: lessons for the 21-day science phase D. Yu & C. Hwang
- An Adaptive CNN-Based Approach for Improving SWOT-Derived Sea-Level Observations Using Drifter Velocities S. Asdar & B. Buongiorno Nardelli
- Improved global sea surface height and current maps from remote sensing and in situ observations M. Ballarotta et al.
- Analysis of vertical deflections determined from one cycle of simulated SWOT wide-swath altimeter data T. Jin et al.
- Quality assessment and comparison of two merged sea surface height products: ALT MUL and AVISO X. Lv et al.
- Inversion method of deflection of the vertical based on SWOT wide-swath altimeter data X. Liu et al.
- Accurate Sea Level Anomaly Forecast over North Pacific with Improved AI Training Strategies J. He et al.
- Key Factors for Improving the Resolution of Mapped Sea Surface Height from Multi-Satellite Altimeters in the South China Sea L. Liu et al.
- Assessing the thermohaline coherence of mesoscale eddies as described from in situ data Y. Barabinot et al.
- The performance of Tiangong-2 InIRA in gravity anomaly recovery from fused conventional nadir-observing altimeter data Y. Wang et al.
- Comparison of Mean Dynamic Topography Modeling from Multivariate Objective Analysis and Rigorous Least Squares Method Y. Wu et al.
- Convergence of the Malvinas Current branches near 44°S D. Frey et al.
- Spatial and Seasonal Variability of the Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll a Concentration in the Southern Ocean from Bio-Argo Data E. Kubryakova et al.
- Altimeter-Derived poleward Lagrangian pathways in the California Current System: Part 2 – 2-D patterns of parcel transports P. Strub & C. James
- Circulation and Cross‐Shelf Exchanges in the Northern Shelf Region of the Southwestern Atlantic: Kinematics V. Combes et al.
- DUACS DT2021 reprocessed altimetry improves sea level retrieval in the coastal band of the European seas A. Sánchez-Román et al.
- Enhanced Sea Surface Height Estimation With Interference Rejection Using High-Frequency Fully Focused SAR Altimetry Data Over Island Areas H. Shi et al.
- Advances in the observation and understanding of changes in sea level and tides P. Woodworth
- Southward shift of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current upstream of Drake Passage maintains a stable circumpolar transport C. Xie et al.
- Marine heatwaves and global warming impacts on winter waters in the Southern Indian Ocean C. Azarian et al.
- Improving High-Frequency Marine Gravity Anomaly Recovery: The Efficacy of SWOT Wide-Swath Altimetry J. Wang et al.
- A data-assimilative model reanalysis of the U.S. Mid Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Maine: Configuration and comparison to observations and global ocean models J. Wilkin et al.
- Long-Term Linear Meridional Shift of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa Based on Satellite Altimetry Data: Zonal Distribution R. Tarakanov
- Radial surface currents from space: An opportunity for mean dynamic topography estimation? C. Neyers & J. Brockmann
- Integrating multi-source altimetry observations for gravity anomaly derivation in the South China Sea Y. Wang et al.
- A globally applicable framework for compound flood hazard modeling D. Eilander et al.
- The Earth Is Not Flat: Bilateral Elevation as a Component of Trade Costs W. Sun
- Inclination Trend of the Agulhas Return Current Path in Three Decades Y. Lin et al.
- Large River Plumes Detection by Satellite Altimetry: Case Study of the Ob–Yenisei Plume D. Frey & A. Osadchiev
- Nonseasonal Variations in Near-Inertial Kinetic Energy Observed Far below the Surface Mixed Layer in the Southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) S. Noh & S. Nam
- SDUST2021GRA: global marine gravity anomaly model recovered from Ka-band and Ku-band satellite altimeter data C. Zhu et al.
- Altimeter-derived poleward Lagrangian pathways in the California Current System: Part 1 P. Strub et al.
- Refining the Resolution of DUACS Along-Track Level-3 Sea Level Altimetry Products M. Pujol et al.
- Optimized estimation of marine deflection of the vertical from multibeam laser altimeter data of ICESat-2 H. Peng et al.
- Exploring the potential of Sentinel-3 delay Doppler altimetry for enhanced detection of coastal currents along the Northwest Atlantic shelf H. Feng et al.
- Extremely poleward shift of Antarctic Circumpolar Current by eccentricity during the Last Interglacial L. Lu et al.
- Modeling total surface current in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea by combination of geodetic and hydrographic observations and assimilation with in situ current meter data M. Pirooznia et al.
- An evaluation of eight global ocean reanalyses for the Northeast U.S. Continental shelf A. Carolina Castillo-Trujillo et al.
- Extreme wind events responsible for an outsized role in shelf-basin exchange around the southern tip of Greenland A. Coquereau et al.
- Changes in Antarctic bottom water off the Wilkes Land coast in the Australian-Antarctic Basin T. Kobayashi
- Merging modelled and reported flood impacts in Europe in a combined flood event catalogue for 1950–2020 D. Paprotny et al.
- Lagrangian characterization of the southwestern Atlantic from a dense surface drifter deployment M. Saraceno et al.
- Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020) F. Doglioni et al.
- Evaluating altimetry-derived surface currents on the south Greenland shelf with surface drifters A. Coquereau & N. Foukal
- Topographic Steering of the Upper Arctic Ocean Circulation by Deep Flows J. Nilsson et al.
- Improved Surface Currents from Altimeter-Derived and Sea Surface Temperature Observations: Application to the North Atlantic Ocean D. Ciani et al.
- Melt rates in the kilometer-size grounding zone of Petermann Glacier, Greenland, before and during a retreat E. Ciracì et al.
- SARAL’s Full Mission Reprocessing: Improvement with the GDR-F Standard G. Jettou et al.
- Comparative Analysis of Jet Detection Methods on the Basis of Satellite Altimetry Data by Example of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Sector to the South of Africa R. Tarakanov
- A multi-risk approach for projecting climate change-associated coastal flood, applied to India A. Jennath & S. Paul
- Refinement of Mean Dynamic Topography Over Island Areas Using Airborne Gravimetry and Satellite Altimetry Data in the Northwestern South China Sea Y. Wu et al.
- Long-Term Linear Meridional Shift of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa R. Tarakanov
- A new method for determining geoid gradient components from SWOT wide-swath data for marine gravity field D. Yu et al.
- Habitat associations of post-breeding female southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from Península Valdés, Argentina K. McGovern et al.
- Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system M. Grégoire et al.
- Austral summer circulation in the Bransfield Strait based on SADCP measurements and satellite altimetry D. Frey et al.
- Transport Structure of the South Atlantic Ocean Derived From a High-Resolution Numerical Model and Observations X. Xu et al.
- Responses of Satellite Chlorophyll-a to the Extreme Sea Surface Temperatures over the Arabian and Omani Gulf M. Hamdeno et al.
- The Large-Scale Geostrophic Circulation Around Cuba: Insights from Altimeter Data R. Iacono et al.
- Recovering Gravity from Satellite Altimetry Data Using Deep Learning Network C. Zhu et al.
- Connecting Land and Sea Vertical Datums: A Data Evaluation for Developing Australia’s AUSHYDROID Model M. Filmer et al.
- Seasonal Meridional Displacement of the Jet Structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current South of Africa R. Tarakanov
- On Deflections of Vertical Determined From HY-2A/GM Altimetry Data in the Bay of Bengal H. Ji et al.
- A novel filtering method for geodetically determined ocean surface currents using deep learning L. Gibbs et al.
- Ocean Circulation from Space R. Morrow et al.
- Predicting bathymetry using multisource differential marine geodetic data with multilayer perceptron neural network S. Zhou et al.
- A Statistical Interpolation Code for Ocean Analysis and Forecasting A. Srinivasan et al.
- Estimating Three‐Dimensional Structures of Eddy in the South Indian Ocean From the Satellite Observations Based on the isQG Method Z. Chen et al.
- Exploiting Enhanced Altimetry for Constraining Mesoscale Variability in the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean A. Bonaduce et al.
- Elevation uncertainties in the Mekong Delta quantified using a transferable approach K. Seeger & P. Minderhoud
- Accuracy comparison of marine gravity derived from HY-2A/GM and CryoSat-2 altimetry data: a case study in the Gulf of Mexico J. Guo et al.
- Bathymetry of the Gulf of Mexico Predicted With Multilayer Perceptron From Multisource Marine Geodetic Data S. Zhou et al.
- Altimeter Calibrations in the Preliminary Four Years’ Operation of Wanshan Calibration Site W. Zhai et al.
- The SDUST2022GRA global marine gravity anomalies recovered from radar and laser altimeter data: contribution of ICESat-2 laser altimetry Z. Li et al.
- Enhancing satellite sea level anomaly data assimilation in a coupled general circulation model with a hybrid mean dynamical topography Y. Chen et al.
- Tropical cyclone induced compound flooding in Madagascar: a coupled modeling approach M. Khan et al.
- Compact Mesoscale Eddies in the South Brazil Bight C. Rocha & I. Simoes-Sousa
- New global mean dynamic topography CNES-CLS-22 combining drifters, hydrography profiles and high frequency radar data S. Jousset et al.
- Satellite altimetry data processing software package of the "GEO-IK-2" space geodetic system I. Gusev et al.
- Seamount detection using SWOT-derived vertical gravity gradient: advancements and challenges D. Yu et al.
- Gravity anomalies determined from mean sea surface model data over the Gulf of Mexico X. Wei et al.
- Extreme sea level changes over the tropical western Pacific in 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warmer climates Y. Zheng et al.
- Global application of a regional frequency analysis to extreme sea levels T. Collings et al.
- Regional mapping of energetic short mesoscale ocean dynamics from altimetry: performances from real observations F. Le Guillou et al.
- Satellite altimetry and operational oceanography: from Jason-1 to SWOT P. Le Traon et al.
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Latest update: 14 May 2026
Short summary
Satellite altimetry has revolutionized ocean observation by allowing the sea level to be monitored with very good spatiotemporal coverage. However, only the sea level anomalies are retrieved; to monitor the whole oceanic signal a temporal mean (called mean dynamic topography, MDT) must be added to these anomalies. In this study we present the newly updated CNES-CLS18 MDT. An evaluation of this new solution shows significant improvements in both strong currents and coastal areas.
Satellite altimetry has revolutionized ocean observation by allowing the sea level to be...