Articles | Volume 17, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-729-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-729-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 May 2021
Research article |
| 28 May 2021
| 28 May 2021
The Atlantic's freshwater budget under climate change in the Community Earth System Model with strongly eddying oceans
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Xun Zhang
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Daniele Castellana
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Anna S. von der Heydt
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Henk A. Dijkstra
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cited
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Failure to track a stable AMOC state under rapid climate change R. van Westen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02730-w
- Physics-based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course R. van Westen et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1189
- Effects of strongly eddying oceans on multidecadal climate variability in the Community Earth System Model A. Jüling et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1251-2021
- Key drivers of large scale changes in North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic circulations and their predictability B. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07591-1
- The Probability of an AMOC Collapse Onset in the Twenty-First Century H. Dijkstra & R. van Westen https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040324-024822
- Transitions of the Atlantic Ocean circulation H. Dijkstra et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-026-00945-6
- Mechanisms of tropical cyclone response under climate change in the community earth system model R. van Westen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06680-3
- North Atlantic response to a quasi-realistic Greenland meltwater forcing in eddy-rich EC-Earth3P-VHR hosing simulations E. Martin-Martinez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-2307-2026
- Asymmetry of AMOC Hysteresis in a State‐Of‐The‐Art Global Climate Model R. van Westen & H. Dijkstra https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106088
- Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2 J. Weiffenbach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-61-2023
- Multi‐Stability of the Present‐Day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation H. Dijkstra et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70049
- The Atlantic's freshwater budget under climate change in the Community Earth System Model with strongly eddying oceans A. Jüling et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-729-2021
- Symbiotic Ocean Modeling Using Physics‐Controlled Echo State Networks T. Mulder et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003631
- Persistent climate model biases in the Atlantic Ocean's freshwater transport R. van Westen & H. Dijkstra https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-549-2024
- Long-term variability and trends in the Agulhas Leakage and its impacts on the global overturning H. Großelindemann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-93-2025
- On the ocean's response to enhanced Greenland runoff in model experiments: relevance of mesoscale dynamics and atmospheric coupling T. Martin & A. Biastoch https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-141-2023
16 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Failure to track a stable AMOC state under rapid climate change R. van Westen et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-026-02730-w
- Physics-based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course R. van Westen et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1189
- Effects of strongly eddying oceans on multidecadal climate variability in the Community Earth System Model A. Jüling et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1251-2021
- Key drivers of large scale changes in North Atlantic atmospheric and oceanic circulations and their predictability B. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07591-1
- The Probability of an AMOC Collapse Onset in the Twenty-First Century H. Dijkstra & R. van Westen https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040324-024822
- Transitions of the Atlantic Ocean circulation H. Dijkstra et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-026-00945-6
- Mechanisms of tropical cyclone response under climate change in the community earth system model R. van Westen et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-023-06680-3
- North Atlantic response to a quasi-realistic Greenland meltwater forcing in eddy-rich EC-Earth3P-VHR hosing simulations E. Martin-Martinez et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-22-2307-2026
- Asymmetry of AMOC Hysteresis in a State‐Of‐The‐Art Global Climate Model R. van Westen & H. Dijkstra https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106088
- Unraveling the mechanisms and implications of a stronger mid-Pliocene Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in PlioMIP2 J. Weiffenbach et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-61-2023
- Multi‐Stability of the Present‐Day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation H. Dijkstra et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.70049
- The Atlantic's freshwater budget under climate change in the Community Earth System Model with strongly eddying oceans A. Jüling et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-729-2021
- Symbiotic Ocean Modeling Using Physics‐Controlled Echo State Networks T. Mulder et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003631
- Persistent climate model biases in the Atlantic Ocean's freshwater transport R. van Westen & H. Dijkstra https://doi.org/10.5194/os-20-549-2024
- Long-term variability and trends in the Agulhas Leakage and its impacts on the global overturning H. Großelindemann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-93-2025
- On the ocean's response to enhanced Greenland runoff in model experiments: relevance of mesoscale dynamics and atmospheric coupling T. Martin & A. Biastoch https://doi.org/10.5194/os-19-141-2023
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 14 Sep 2026
Short summary
We investigate how the freshwater budget of the Atlantic changes under climate change, which has implications for the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. We compare the effect of ocean model resolution in a climate model and find many similarities between the simulations, enhancing trust in the current generation of climate models. However, ocean biases are reduced in the strongly eddying simulation, and significant local freshwater budget differences exist.
We investigate how the freshwater budget of the Atlantic changes under climate change, which has...
