Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1081-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
17 Aug 2021
Review article |
| 17 Aug 2021
| 17 Aug 2021
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean 2010–2019
Amy Solomon
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Physical Sciences Laboratory, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory,
Boulder, Colorado, USA
Céline Heuzé
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg,
Sweden
Benjamin Rabe
Climate Sciences Division, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und
Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
Sheldon Bacon
Marine Physics and Ocean Climate Division, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Laurent Bertino
Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and Bjerknes Center for
Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Patrick Heimbach
Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
Jun Inoue
Division for Research and Education, Meteorology and Glaciology Group, National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
Doroteaciro Iovino
Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy
Ruth Mottram
Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
Xiangdong Zhang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
Yevgeny Aksenov
Marine Physics and Ocean Climate Division, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Ronan McAdam
Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy
An Nguyen
Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
Roshin P. Raj
Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and Bjerknes Center for
Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Han Tang
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
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- Observing Temporally Varying Synoptic‐Scale Total Alkalinity and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean H. Green et al. 10.1029/2023EA002901
- The Role of the Russian Shelf in Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Arctic Sea Surface Salinity and Freshwater Content S. Hall et al. 10.1029/2022JC019247
- Arctic freshwater impact on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: status and prospects T. Haine et al. 10.1098/rsta.2022.0185
- Isotopic signatures of snow, sea ice, and surface seawater in the central Arctic Ocean during the MOSAiC expedition M. Mellat et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00078
- River flow in the near future: a global perspective in the context of a high-emission climate change scenario O. Müller et al. 10.5194/hess-28-2179-2024
- A year of transient tracers (chlorofluorocarbon 12 and sulfur hexafluoride), noble gases (helium and neon), and tritium in the Arctic Ocean from the MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020) C. Heuzé et al. 10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023
- Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review N. Wunderling et al. 10.5194/esd-15-41-2024
- Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography B. Rabe et al. 10.1525/elementa.2021.00062
- The role of local-ice meltwater in the triggering of an under-ice phytoplankton bloom in an Arctic fjord E. Ruiz-Castillo et al. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1291187
- Do Salinity Variations Along the East Greenland Shelf Show Imprints of Increasing Meltwater Runoff? I. Schiller‐Weiss et al. 10.1029/2023JC019890
- Using Remotely Sensed Sea Surface Salinity and Colored Detrital Matter to Characterize Freshened Surface Layers in the Kara and Laptev Seas during the Ice-Free Season M. Umbert et al. 10.3390/rs13193828
- A switch in thermal and haline contributions to stratification in the Greenland Sea during the last four decades C. Gjelstrup & C. Stedmon 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103283
- Arctic sea level variability from high-resolution model simulations and implications for the Arctic observing system G. Lyu et al. 10.5194/os-18-51-2022
- Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations E. Hoffman et al. 10.3390/rs15153715
- Hydrography, inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a linked to sea ice cover in the Atlantic Water inflow region north of Svalbard A. Renner et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103162
- Internal variability of Arctic liquid freshwater content in a coupled climate model large ensemble V. Ford & O. Frauenfeld 10.1007/s10584-024-03808-0
- A Synthesis of the Upper Arctic Ocean Circulation During 2000–2019: Understanding the Roles of Wind Forcing and Sea Ice Decline Q. Wang & S. Danilov 10.3389/fmars.2022.863204
- Water mass evolution and general circulation of Baffin Bay: Observations from two shipboard surveys in 2021 J. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103322
- Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020) F. Doglioni et al. 10.5194/essd-15-225-2023
- Assimilation of sea surface salinities from SMOS in an Arctic coupled ocean and sea ice reanalysis J. Xie et al. 10.5194/os-19-269-2023
- Arctic Ocean simulations in the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) Q. Shu et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2539-2023
- Contribution of satellite sea surface salinity to the estimation of liquid freshwater content in the Beaufort Sea M. Umbert et al. 10.5194/os-20-279-2024
- Seasonal dynamics of chemistry in an Arctic glacier-fed river A. Gödde et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176645
- Comparison of Climate Model Large Ensembles With Observations in the Arctic Using Simple Neural Networks Z. Labe & E. Barnes 10.1029/2022EA002348
- Changes in Beaufort High and Their Impact on Sea Ice Motion in the Western Arctic during the Winters of 2001–2020s X. Chang et al. 10.3390/jmse12010165
- Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean S. Hall et al. 10.3390/rs14010071
- Changes in Freshwater Distribution and Pathways in the Arctic Ocean Since 2007 in the Mercator Ocean Global Operational System C. Bertosio et al. 10.1029/2021JC017701
26 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Observing Temporally Varying Synoptic‐Scale Total Alkalinity and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Arctic Ocean H. Green et al. 10.1029/2023EA002901
- The Role of the Russian Shelf in Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Arctic Sea Surface Salinity and Freshwater Content S. Hall et al. 10.1029/2022JC019247
- Arctic freshwater impact on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: status and prospects T. Haine et al. 10.1098/rsta.2022.0185
- Isotopic signatures of snow, sea ice, and surface seawater in the central Arctic Ocean during the MOSAiC expedition M. Mellat et al. 10.1525/elementa.2023.00078
- River flow in the near future: a global perspective in the context of a high-emission climate change scenario O. Müller et al. 10.5194/hess-28-2179-2024
- A year of transient tracers (chlorofluorocarbon 12 and sulfur hexafluoride), noble gases (helium and neon), and tritium in the Arctic Ocean from the MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020) C. Heuzé et al. 10.5194/essd-15-5517-2023
- Climate tipping point interactions and cascades: a review N. Wunderling et al. 10.5194/esd-15-41-2024
- Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography B. Rabe et al. 10.1525/elementa.2021.00062
- The role of local-ice meltwater in the triggering of an under-ice phytoplankton bloom in an Arctic fjord E. Ruiz-Castillo et al. 10.3389/fmars.2024.1291187
- Do Salinity Variations Along the East Greenland Shelf Show Imprints of Increasing Meltwater Runoff? I. Schiller‐Weiss et al. 10.1029/2023JC019890
- Using Remotely Sensed Sea Surface Salinity and Colored Detrital Matter to Characterize Freshened Surface Layers in the Kara and Laptev Seas during the Ice-Free Season M. Umbert et al. 10.3390/rs13193828
- A switch in thermal and haline contributions to stratification in the Greenland Sea during the last four decades C. Gjelstrup & C. Stedmon 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103283
- Arctic sea level variability from high-resolution model simulations and implications for the Arctic observing system G. Lyu et al. 10.5194/os-18-51-2022
- Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations E. Hoffman et al. 10.3390/rs15153715
- Hydrography, inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll a linked to sea ice cover in the Atlantic Water inflow region north of Svalbard A. Renner et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103162
- Internal variability of Arctic liquid freshwater content in a coupled climate model large ensemble V. Ford & O. Frauenfeld 10.1007/s10584-024-03808-0
- A Synthesis of the Upper Arctic Ocean Circulation During 2000–2019: Understanding the Roles of Wind Forcing and Sea Ice Decline Q. Wang & S. Danilov 10.3389/fmars.2022.863204
- Water mass evolution and general circulation of Baffin Bay: Observations from two shipboard surveys in 2021 J. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103322
- Sea surface height anomaly and geostrophic current velocity from altimetry measurements over the Arctic Ocean (2011–2020) F. Doglioni et al. 10.5194/essd-15-225-2023
- Assimilation of sea surface salinities from SMOS in an Arctic coupled ocean and sea ice reanalysis J. Xie et al. 10.5194/os-19-269-2023
- Arctic Ocean simulations in the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) Q. Shu et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2539-2023
- Contribution of satellite sea surface salinity to the estimation of liquid freshwater content in the Beaufort Sea M. Umbert et al. 10.5194/os-20-279-2024
- Seasonal dynamics of chemistry in an Arctic glacier-fed river A. Gödde et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176645
- Comparison of Climate Model Large Ensembles With Observations in the Arctic Using Simple Neural Networks Z. Labe & E. Barnes 10.1029/2022EA002348
- Changes in Beaufort High and Their Impact on Sea Ice Motion in the Western Arctic during the Winters of 2001–2020s X. Chang et al. 10.3390/jmse12010165
- Intercomparison of Salinity Products in the Beaufort Gyre and Arctic Ocean S. Hall et al. 10.3390/rs14010071
Latest update: 13 Dec 2024
Short summary
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by impacting ocean circulations, stratification, mixing, and emergent regimes. In this review paper we assess how Arctic Ocean freshwater changed in the 2010s relative to the 2000s. Estimates from observations and reanalyses show a qualitative stabilization in the 2010s due to a compensation between a freshening of the Beaufort Gyre and a reduction in freshwater in the Amerasian and Eurasian basins.
Freshwater in the Arctic Ocean plays a critical role in the global climate system by impacting...
