Articles | Volume 17, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1011-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1011-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 02 Aug 2021
| 02 Aug 2021
Observation system simulation experiments in the Atlantic Ocean for enhanced surface ocean pCO2 reconstructions
Anna Denvil-Sommer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
UK
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE),
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS/CEA/UVSQ/Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orme
des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
Marion Gehlen
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE),
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS/CEA/UVSQ/Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orme
des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
Mathieu Vrac
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE),
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS/CEA/UVSQ/Univ. Paris-Saclay, Orme
des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
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Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Improved air-sea CO 2 flux estimates from sailboat measurements J. Behncke et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz1502
- Sailing through the southern seas of air–sea CO 2 flux uncertainty P. Landschützer et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0064
- Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions P. Mongwe et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01382-y
- Impact of Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) observing network extensions on the quantification of global air-sea CO2 fluxes T. Chau et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180265
- The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007848
- Global Carbon Budget 2025 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026
- Modelling considerations for research on ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) K. Fennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-9-2023
- Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 T. DeVries et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007780
- Constraining the trend in the ocean CO2 sink during 2000–2022 N. Mayot et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52641-7
- Investigation of the dynamic equilibrium of atmospheric CO2 concentrations R. Sánta & L. Garbai https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01783-8
- Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling T. Heimdal et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024
- Ocean carbon sink assessment via temperature and salinity data assimilation into a global ocean biogeochemistry model F. Bunsen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-437-2025
- A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans T. Chau et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1087-2022
- Global Carbon Budget 2023 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023
- Global Carbon Budget 2022 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
- Targeting bias in algorithm optimization improves reconstructions of surface ocean pCO2 T. Heimdal et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/3049-4753/adddc3
- Sparse observations induce large biases in estimates of the global ocean CO 2 sink: an ocean model subsampling experiment J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0063
- Global Carbon Budget 2024 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Improved air-sea CO 2 flux estimates from sailboat measurements J. Behncke et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adz1502
- Sailing through the southern seas of air–sea CO 2 flux uncertainty P. Landschützer et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0064
- Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions P. Mongwe et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01382-y
- Impact of Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) observing network extensions on the quantification of global air-sea CO2 fluxes T. Chau et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180265
- The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007848
- Global Carbon Budget 2025 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-3211-2026
- Modelling considerations for research on ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) K. Fennel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/sp-2-oae2023-9-2023
- Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018 T. DeVries et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GB007780
- Constraining the trend in the ocean CO2 sink during 2000–2022 N. Mayot et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52641-7
- Investigation of the dynamic equilibrium of atmospheric CO2 concentrations R. Sánta & L. Garbai https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01783-8
- Assessing improvements in global ocean pCO2 machine learning reconstructions with Southern Ocean autonomous sampling T. Heimdal et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2159-2024
- Ocean carbon sink assessment via temperature and salinity data assimilation into a global ocean biogeochemistry model F. Bunsen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-21-437-2025
- A seamless ensemble-based reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 and air–sea CO2 fluxes over the global coastal and open oceans T. Chau et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1087-2022
- Global Carbon Budget 2023 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5301-2023
- Global Carbon Budget 2022 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022
- Targeting bias in algorithm optimization improves reconstructions of surface ocean pCO2 T. Heimdal et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/3049-4753/adddc3
- Sparse observations induce large biases in estimates of the global ocean CO 2 sink: an ocean model subsampling experiment J. Hauck et al. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2022.0063
- Global Carbon Budget 2024 P. Friedlingstein et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-965-2025
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 14 Jul 2026
Short summary
In this work we explored design options for a future Atlantic-scale observational network enabling the release of carbon system estimates by combining data streams from various platforms. We used outputs of a physical–biogeochemical global ocean model at sites of real-world observations to reconstruct surface ocean pCO2 by applying a non-linear feed-forward neural network. The results provide important information for future BGC-Argo deployment, i.e. important regions and the number of floats.
In this work we explored design options for a future Atlantic-scale observational network...
