Articles | Volume 16, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1285-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1285-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
29 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 29 Oct 2020
| 29 Oct 2020
Seasonal and interannual variabilities of the barrier layer thickness in the tropical Indian Ocean
Xu Yuan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
Xiaolong Yu
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and
Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Zhongbo Su
Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
Related authors
No articles found.
Zengjing Song, Yijian Zeng, Yunfei Wang, Enting Tang, Danyang Yu, Fakhereh Alidoost, Mingguo Ma, Xujun Han, Xuguang Tang, Zhongjing Zhu, Yao Xiao, Debing Kong, and Zhongbo Su
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2940, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of water and carbon between the plant and the atmosphere is affected under water stress conditions. In this study, a leaf-water-potential-based water stress factor is considered in the STEMMUS-SCOPE (hereafter STEMMUS-SCOPE-PHS), to replace the conventional soil-moisture-based water stress factor. The results show that leaf water potential reflects the plant water stress well, and the STEMMUS-SCOPE-PHS outperforms STEMMUS-SCOPE in the dynamics of the water, energy and carbon fluxes.
Yunfei Wang, Yijian Zeng, Zengjing Song, Danyang Yu, Qianqian Han, Enting Tang, Henk de Bruin, and Zhongbo Su
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1321, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1321, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Various methods were proposed to estimate irrigation water requirements (IWR). However, the simulated IWR exhibits large differences. This study evaluates six potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods and proposes a practical approach to estimate IWR. The radiation-based methods show promise in approximating daily PET accurately, and the STEMMUS-SCOPE model can reliably estimate IWR. This research enhances our understanding of different PET methods and their implications for water management.
Enting Tang, Yijian Zeng, Yunfei Wang, Zengjing Song, Danyang Yu, Hongyue Wu, Chenglong Qiao, Christiaan van der Tol, Lingtong Du, and Zhongbo Su
Biogeosciences, 21, 893–909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study shows that planting shrubs in a semiarid grassland reduced the soil moisture and increased plant water uptake and transpiration. Notably, the water used by the ecosystem exceeded the rainfall received during the growing seasons, indicating an imbalance in the water cycle. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the STEMMUS–SCOPE model as a tool to represent ecohydrological processes and highlight the need to consider energy and water budgets for future revegetation projects.
Gab Abramowitz, Anna Ukkola, Sanaa Hobeichi, Jon Cranko Page, Mathew Lipson, Martin De Kauwe, Sam Green, Claire Brenner, Jonathan Frame, Grey Nearing, Martyn Clark, Martin Best, Peter Anthoni, Gabriele Arduini, Souhail Boussetta, Silvia Caldararu, Kyeungwoo Cho, Matthias Cuntz, David Fairbairn, Craig Ferguson, Hyungjun Kim, Yeonjoo Kim, Jürgen Knauer, David Lawrence, Xiangzhong Luo, Sergey Malyshev, Tomoko Nitta, Jerome Ogee, Keith Oleson, Catherine Ottlé, Phillipe Peylin, Patricia de Rosnay, Heather Rumbold, Bob Su, Nicolas Vuichard, Anthony Walker, Xiaoni Wang-Faivre, Yunfei Wang, and Yijian Zeng
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3084, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3084, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates land models – computer based models that simulate ecosystem dynamics, the land carbon, water and energy cycles and the role of land in the climate system. It uses machine learning / AI approaches to show that despite the complexity of land models, they do not perform nearly as well as they could, given the amount of information they are provided with about the prediction problem.
Qianqian Han, Yijian Zeng, Lijie Zhang, Calimanut-Ionut Cira, Egor Prikaziuk, Ting Duan, Chao Wang, Brigitta Szabó, Salvatore Manfreda, Ruodan Zhuang, and Bob Su
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 5825–5845, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5825-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-5825-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using machine learning, we estimated global surface soil moisture (SSM) to aid in understanding water, energy, and carbon exchange. Ensemble models outperformed individual algorithms in predicting SSM under different climates. The best-performing ensemble included K-neighbours Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Extreme Gradient Boosting. This is important for hydrological and climatological applications such as water cycle monitoring, irrigation management, and crop yield prediction.
Lianyu Yu, Yijian Zeng, Huanjie Cai, Mengna Li, Yuanyuan Zha, Jicai Zeng, Hui Qian, and Zhongbo Su
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-221, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-221, 2023
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a coupled soil water-groundwater (SW-GW) model, which is verified as physically accurate and applicable in large-scale groundwater problems. The role of vadose zone processes, coupling approach, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of SW-GW interactions were highlighted as essential to represent the SW-GW system. Given the relevant dataset, the developed SW-GW modeling framework has the potential to portray the processes "from bedrock to atmosphere" in a physically consistent manner.
Pei Zhang, Donghai Zheng, Rogier van der Velde, Jun Wen, Yaoming Ma, Yijian Zeng, Xin Wang, Zuoliang Wang, Jiali Chen, and Zhongbo Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5513–5542, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5513-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5513-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Soil moisture and soil temperature (SMST) are important state variables for quantifying the heat–water exchange between land and atmosphere. Yet, long-term, regional-scale in situ SMST measurements at multiple depths are scarce on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). The presented dataset would be valuable for the evaluation and improvement of long-term satellite- and model-based SMST products on the TP, enhancing the understanding of TP hydrometeorological processes and their response to climate change.
Hong Zhao, Yijian Zeng, Jan G. Hofste, Ting Duan, Jun Wen, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-333, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2022-333, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
This paper demonstrated the capability of our developed platform for simulating microwave emission and backscatter signals at multi-frequency. The results of associated investigations on impacts of vegetation water (VW) and temperature (T) imply the need to first disentangle the impact of T for the use of high-frequency signals as its variation is more due to dynamic T. Estimated vegetation optical depth is frequency-dependent, while its diurnal variation depends on that of VW despite frequency.
Shaoning Lv, Clemens Simmer, Yijian Zeng, Jun Wen, Yuanyuan Guo, and Zhongbo Su
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-369, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-369, 2022
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The freeze-thaw of the ground is an interesting topic to climatology, hydrology, and other earth sciences. The global freeze-thaw distribution is available by passive microwave remote sensing technique. However, the remote sensing technique indirectly detects freeze-thaw states by measuring the brightness temperature difference between frozen and unfrozen soil. Thus, we present different interprets of the brightness signals to the FT-state by using its sub-daily character.
Lianyu Yu, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 7345–7376, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7345-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed an integrated soil–snow–atmosphere model (STEMMUS-UEB) dedicated to the physical description of snow and soil processes with various complexities. With STEMMUS-UEB, we demonstrated that the snowpack affects not only the soil surface moisture conditions (in the liquid and ice phase) and energy-related states (albedo, LE) but also the subsurface soil water and vapor transfer, which contributes to a better understanding of the hydrothermal implications of the snowpack in cold regions.
Wouter Dorigo, Irene Himmelbauer, Daniel Aberer, Lukas Schremmer, Ivana Petrakovic, Luca Zappa, Wolfgang Preimesberger, Angelika Xaver, Frank Annor, Jonas Ardö, Dennis Baldocchi, Marco Bitelli, Günter Blöschl, Heye Bogena, Luca Brocca, Jean-Christophe Calvet, J. Julio Camarero, Giorgio Capello, Minha Choi, Michael C. Cosh, Nick van de Giesen, Istvan Hajdu, Jaakko Ikonen, Karsten H. Jensen, Kasturi Devi Kanniah, Ileen de Kat, Gottfried Kirchengast, Pankaj Kumar Rai, Jenni Kyrouac, Kristine Larson, Suxia Liu, Alexander Loew, Mahta Moghaddam, José Martínez Fernández, Cristian Mattar Bader, Renato Morbidelli, Jan P. Musial, Elise Osenga, Michael A. Palecki, Thierry Pellarin, George P. Petropoulos, Isabella Pfeil, Jarrett Powers, Alan Robock, Christoph Rüdiger, Udo Rummel, Michael Strobel, Zhongbo Su, Ryan Sullivan, Torbern Tagesson, Andrej Varlagin, Mariette Vreugdenhil, Jeffrey Walker, Jun Wen, Fred Wenger, Jean Pierre Wigneron, Mel Woods, Kun Yang, Yijian Zeng, Xiang Zhang, Marek Zreda, Stephan Dietrich, Alexander Gruber, Peter van Oevelen, Wolfgang Wagner, Klaus Scipal, Matthias Drusch, and Roberto Sabia
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5749–5804, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5749-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) is a community-based open-access data portal for soil water measurements taken at the ground and is accessible at https://ismn.earth. Over 1000 scientific publications and thousands of users have made use of the ISMN. The scope of this paper is to inform readers about the data and functionality of the ISMN and to provide a review of the scientific progress facilitated through the ISMN with the scope to shape future research and operations.
Mengna Li, Yijian Zeng, Maciek W. Lubczynski, Jean Roy, Lianyu Yu, Hui Qian, Zhenyu Li, Jie Chen, Lei Han, Han Zheng, Tom Veldkamp, Jeroen M. Schoorl, Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen, Kai Hou, Qiying Zhang, Panpan Xu, Fan Li, Kai Lu, Yulin Li, and Zhongbo Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4727–4757, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4727-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4727-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau is the source of most of Asia's major rivers and has been called the Asian Water Tower. Due to its remoteness and the harsh environment, there is a lack of field survey data to investigate its hydrogeology. Borehole core lithology analysis, an altitude survey, soil thickness measurement, hydrogeological surveys, and hydrogeophysical surveys were conducted in the Maqu catchment within the Yellow River source region to improve a full–picture understanding of the water cycle.
Cunbo Han, Yaoming Ma, Binbin Wang, Lei Zhong, Weiqiang Ma, Xuelong Chen, and Zhongbo Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3513–3524, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3513-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3513-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Actual terrestrial evapotranspiration (ETa) is a key parameter controlling the land–atmosphere interaction processes and water cycle. However, the spatial distribution and temporal changes in ETa over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remain very uncertain. Here we estimate the multiyear (2001–2018) monthly ETa and its spatial distribution on the TP by a combination of meteorological data and satellite products. Results have been validated at six eddy-covariance monitoring sites and show high accuracy.
Pei Zhang, Donghai Zheng, Rogier van der Velde, Jun Wen, Yijian Zeng, Xin Wang, Zuoliang Wang, Jiali Chen, and Zhongbo Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3075–3102, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3075-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3075-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on the status of the Tibet-Obs and presents a 10-year (2009–2019) surface soil moisture (SM) dataset produced based on in situ measurements taken at a depth of 5 cm collected from the Tibet-Obs. This surface SM dataset includes the original 15 min in situ measurements collected by multiple SM monitoring sites of three networks (i.e. the Maqu, Naqu, and Ngari networks) and the spatially upscaled SM records produced for the Maqu and Shiquanhe networks.
Jan G. Hofste, Rogier van der Velde, Jun Wen, Xin Wang, Zuoliang Wang, Donghai Zheng, Christiaan van der Tol, and Zhongbo Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 2819–2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2819-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2819-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The dataset reported in this paper concerns the measurement of microwave reflections from an alpine meadow over the Tibetan Plateau. These microwave reflections were measured continuously over 1 year. With it, variations in soil water content due to evaporation, precipitation, drainage, and soil freezing/thawing can be seen. A better understanding of the effects aforementioned processes have on microwave reflections may improve methods for estimating soil water content used by satellites.
Yunfei Wang, Yijian Zeng, Lianyu Yu, Peiqi Yang, Christiaan Van der Tol, Qiang Yu, Xiaoliang Lü, Huanjie Cai, and Zhongbo Su
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 1379–1407, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study integrates photosynthesis and transfer of energy, mass, and momentum in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum system, via a simplified 1D root growth model. The results indicated that the simulation of land surface fluxes was significantly improved by considering the root water uptake, especially when vegetation was experiencing severe water stress. This finding highlights the importance of enhanced soil heat and moisture transfer in simulating ecosystem functioning.
María P. González-Dugo, Xuelong Chen, Ana Andreu, Elisabet Carpintero, Pedro J. Gómez-Giraldez, Arnaud Carrara, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 755–768, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Drought is a devastating natural hazard and difficult to define, detect and quantify. Global meteorological data and remote-sensing products present new opportunities to characterize drought in an objective way. In this paper, we applied the surface energy balance model SEBS to estimate monthly evapotranspiration (ET) from 2001 to 2018 over the dehesa area of the Iberian Peninsula. ET anomalies were used to identify the main drought events and analyze their impacts on dehesa vegetation.
Rogier van der Velde, Andreas Colliander, Michiel Pezij, Harm-Jan F. Benninga, Rajat Bindlish, Steven K. Chan, Thomas J. Jackson, Dimmie M. D. Hendriks, Denie C. M. Augustijn, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 473–495, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
NASA’s SMAP satellite provides estimates of the amount of water in the soil. With measurements from a network of 20 monitoring stations, the accuracy of these estimates has been studied for a 4-year period. We found an agreement between satellite and in situ estimates in line with the mission requirements once the large mismatches associated with rapidly changing water contents, e.g. soil freezing and rainfall, are excluded.
Lianyu Yu, Simone Fatichi, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
The Cryosphere, 14, 4653–4673, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4653-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The role of soil water and heat transfer physics in portraying the function of a cold region ecosystem was investigated. We found that explicitly considering the frozen soil physics and coupled water and heat transfer is important in mimicking soil hydrothermal dynamics. The presence of soil ice can alter the vegetation leaf onset date and deep leakage. Different complexity in representing vadose zone physics does not considerably affect interannual energy, water, and carbon fluxes.
Lianyu Yu, Yijian Zeng, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4813–4830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4813-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4813-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil mass and heat transfer processes were represented in three levels of model complexities to understand soil freeze–thaw mechanisms. Results indicate that coupled mass and heat transfer models considerably improved simulations of the soil hydrothermal regime. Vapor flow and thermal effects on water flow are the main mechanisms for the improvements. Given the explicit consideration of airflow, vapor flow and its effects on heat transfer were enhanced during the freeze–thaw transition period.
X. Chen, Z. Su, and Y. Ma
Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLII-2-W13, 1729–1733, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1729-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1729-2019, 2019
Mehdi Rahmati, Lutz Weihermüller, Jan Vanderborght, Yakov A. Pachepsky, Lili Mao, Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi, Niloofar Moosavi, Hossein Kheirfam, Carsten Montzka, Kris Van Looy, Brigitta Toth, Zeinab Hazbavi, Wafa Al Yamani, Ammar A. Albalasmeh, Ma'in Z. Alghzawi, Rafael Angulo-Jaramillo, Antônio Celso Dantas Antonino, George Arampatzis, Robson André Armindo, Hossein Asadi, Yazidhi Bamutaze, Jordi Batlle-Aguilar, Béatrice Béchet, Fabian Becker, Günter Blöschl, Klaus Bohne, Isabelle Braud, Clara Castellano, Artemi Cerdà, Maha Chalhoub, Rogerio Cichota, Milena Císlerová, Brent Clothier, Yves Coquet, Wim Cornelis, Corrado Corradini, Artur Paiva Coutinho, Muriel Bastista de Oliveira, José Ronaldo de Macedo, Matheus Fonseca Durães, Hojat Emami, Iraj Eskandari, Asghar Farajnia, Alessia Flammini, Nándor Fodor, Mamoun Gharaibeh, Mohamad Hossein Ghavimipanah, Teamrat A. Ghezzehei, Simone Giertz, Evangelos G. Hatzigiannakis, Rainer Horn, Juan José Jiménez, Diederik Jacques, Saskia Deborah Keesstra, Hamid Kelishadi, Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani, Mehdi Kouselou, Madan Kumar Jha, Laurent Lassabatere, Xiaoyan Li, Mark A. Liebig, Lubomír Lichner, María Victoria López, Deepesh Machiwal, Dirk Mallants, Micael Stolben Mallmann, Jean Dalmo de Oliveira Marques, Miles R. Marshall, Jan Mertens, Félicien Meunier, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi, Binayak P. Mohanty, Mansonia Pulido-Moncada, Suzana Montenegro, Renato Morbidelli, David Moret-Fernández, Ali Akbar Moosavi, Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi, Seyed Bahman Mousavi, Hasan Mozaffari, Kamal Nabiollahi, Mohammad Reza Neyshabouri, Marta Vasconcelos Ottoni, Theophilo Benedicto Ottoni Filho, Mohammad Reza Pahlavan-Rad, Andreas Panagopoulos, Stephan Peth, Pierre-Emmanuel Peyneau, Tommaso Picciafuoco, Jean Poesen, Manuel Pulido, Dalvan José Reinert, Sabine Reinsch, Meisam Rezaei, Francis Parry Roberts, David Robinson, Jesús Rodrigo-Comino, Otto Corrêa Rotunno Filho, Tadaomi Saito, Hideki Suganuma, Carla Saltalippi, Renáta Sándor, Brigitta Schütt, Manuel Seeger, Nasrollah Sepehrnia, Ehsan Sharifi Moghaddam, Manoj Shukla, Shiraki Shutaro, Ricardo Sorando, Ajayi Asishana Stanley, Peter Strauss, Zhongbo Su, Ruhollah Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, Encarnación Taguas, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Ali Reza Vaezi, Mehdi Vafakhah, Tomas Vogel, Iris Vogeler, Jana Votrubova, Steffen Werner, Thierry Winarski, Deniz Yilmaz, Michael H. Young, Steffen Zacharias, Yijian Zeng, Ying Zhao, Hong Zhao, and Harry Vereecken
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1237–1263, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1237-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1237-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents and analyzes a global database of soil infiltration data, the SWIG database, for the first time. In total, 5023 infiltration curves were collected across all continents in the SWIG database. These data were either provided and quality checked by the scientists or they were digitized from published articles. We are convinced that the SWIG database will allow for a better parameterization of the infiltration process in land surface models and for testing infiltration models.
Hong Zhao, Yijian Zeng, Shaoning Lv, and Zhongbo Su
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1031–1061, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1031-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1031-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibet-Obs soil properties dataset was compiled based on in situ and laboratory measurements of soil profiles across three climate zones on the Tibetan Plateau. The appropriate parameterization schemes of soil hydraulic and thermal properties were discussed for their applicability in land surface modeling. The uncertainties of existing soil datasets were evaluated. This paper contributes to land surface modeling and hydro-climatology communities for their studies of the third pole region.
Fakhereh Alidoost, Alfred Stein, Zhongbo Su, and Ali Sharifi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-93, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-93, 2017
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Weather stations are often sparse and systematic under/overestimation of a global weather forecast system leads to bias. Most of the available bias correction methods do not consider higher order moments of a probability distribution and they use same distributions families to estimate both marginal and multivariate distributions. We propose three new copula-based bias correction methods, which describe the dependence structure between air temperature and covariates.
Jian Peng, Alexander Loew, Xuelong Chen, Yaoming Ma, and Zhongbo Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3167–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3167-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3167-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Tibetan Plateau plays a major role in regional and global climate. The knowledge of latent heat flux can help to better describe the complex interactions between land and atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed cross-comparison of existing latent heat flux products over the TP. The results highlight the recently developed latent heat product – High Resolution Land Surface Parameters from Space (HOLAPS).
Lianyu Yu, Yijian Zeng, Zhongbo Su, Huanjie Cai, and Zhen Zheng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 975–990, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-975-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-975-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The coupled water vapor and heat transport model using two different ET (ETdir, ETind) methods varied concerning the simulation of soil moisture and ET components, while agreed well for the simulation of soil temperature. Considering aerodynamic and surface resistance terms improved the ETdir method regarding simulating soil evaporation, especially after irrigation. The interactive effect of crop growth parameters with changing environment played an important role in estimating ET components.
X. Chen, Z. Su, Y. Ma, S. Liu, Q. Yu, and Z. Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13097–13117, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13097-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13097-2014, 2014
R. van der Velde, M. S. Salama, T. Pellarin, M. Ofwono, Y. Ma, and Z. Su
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1323–1337, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1323-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1323-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Agarwal, N., Sharma, R., Parekh, A., Basu, S., Sarkar, A., and Agarwal, V.
K.: Argo observations of barrier layer in the tropical Indian Ocean,
Adv. Space Res., 50, 642–654, 2012.
Alexander, M. A., Bladé, I., Newman, M., Lanzante, J. R., Lau, N.-C.,
and Scott, J. D.: The atmospheric bridge: The influence of ENSO
teleconnections on air–sea interaction over the global oceans, J.
Climate, 15, 2205–2231, 2002.
APDRC – Asia-Pacific Data Research Center of the IPRC: Argo, SODA and CMAP, available at: http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/data/data.php, last access: August 2020.
Bosc, C., Delcroix, T., and Maes, C.: Barrier layer variability in the
western Pacific warm pool from 2000 to 2007, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 114, C06023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005187, 2009.
Carton, J. A. and Giese, B. S.: A reanalysis of ocean climate using Simple
Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA), Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 2999–3017,
2008.
Carton, J. A., Chepurin, G. A., and Chen, L.: SODA3: a new ocean climate
reanalysis, J. Climate, 31, 6967–6983, 2018.
de Boyer Montégut, C., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., Lazar, A., and
Iudicone, D.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of
profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C12003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004.
de Boyer Montégut, C., Mignot, J., Lazar, A., and Cravatte, S.: Control
of salinity on the mixed layer depth in the world ocean: 1. General
description, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, C06011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003953, 2007.
Deshpande, A., Chowdary, J., and Gnanaseelan, C.: Role of thermocline-SST
coupling in the evolution of IOD events and their regional impacts, Clim.
Dynam., 43, 163–174, 2014.
Drushka, K., Sprintall, J., and Gille, S. T.: Subseasonal variations in
salinity and barrier-layer thickness in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 805–823, 2014.
Felton, C. S., Subrahmanyam, B., Murty, V., and Shriver, J. F.: Estimation
of the barrier layer thickness in the Indian Ocean using Aquarius Salinity,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 119, 4200–4213, 2014.
Grunseich, G., Subrahmanyam, B., Murty, V., and Giese, B. S.: Sea surface
salinity variability during the Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO events in the
tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C11013, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007456, 2011.
Han, W. and McCreary, J. P.: Modeling salinity distributions in the Indian
Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 859–877, 2001.
Kara, A. B., Rochford, P. A., and Hurlburt, H. E.: An optimal definition for
ocean mixed layer depth, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 105, 16803–16821, 2000.
Kug, J.-S. and Kang, I.-S.: Interactive feedback between ENSO and the Indian
Ocean, J. Climate, 19, 1784–1801, 2006.
Li, T., Wang, B., Chang, C., and Zhang, Y.: A theory for the Indian Ocean
dipole–zonal mode, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2119–2135,
2003.
Lukas, R. and Lindstrom, E.: The mixed layer of the western equatorial
Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 96, 3343–3357, 1991.
Maes, C.: Salinity barrier layer and onset of El Niño in a Pacific
coupled model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 59-1–59-4, 2002.
Maes, C., Picaut, J., and Belamari, S.: Importance of the salinity barrier
layer for the buildup of El Niño, J. Climate, 18, 104–118, 2005.
Maes, C., Ando, K., Delcroix, T., Kessler, W. S., McPhaden, M. J., and
Roemmich, D.: Observed correlation of surface salinity, temperature and
barrier layer at the eastern edge of the western Pacific warm pool,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L06601, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024772, 2006.
Manola, I., Selten, F., de Ruijter, W., and Hazeleger, W.: The
ocean-atmosphere response to wind-induced thermocline changes in the
tropical South Western Indian Ocean, Clim. Dynam., 45, 989–1007, 2015.
Masson, S., Delecluse, P., Boulanger, J. P., and Menkes, C.: A model study
of the seasonal variability and formation mechanisms of the barrier layer in
the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 107, SRF 18-11–SRF 18-20, 2002.
Masson, S., Luo, J. J., Madec, G., Vialard, J., Durand, F., Gualdi, S.,
Guilyardi, E., Behera, S., Delécluse, P., and Navarra, A.: Impact of
barrier layer on winter-spring variability of the southeastern Arabian Sea,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07703, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021980, 2005.
Mignot, J., de Boyer Montégut, C., Lazar, A., and Cravatte, S.: Control
of salinity on the mixed layer depth in the world ocean: 2. Tropical areas,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, C10010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003953, 2007.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Physical Sciences Laboratory: NOAA Optimum Interpolation (OI) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) V2, available at: https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.html, last access: August 2020.
Neetu, S., Lengaigne, M., Vincent, E. M., Vialard, J., Madec, G., Samson,
G., Ramesh Kumar, M., and Durand, F.: Influence of upper-ocean
stratification on tropical cyclone-induced surface cooling in the Bay of
Bengal, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C12020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008433, 2012.
Pailler, K., Bourlès, B., and Gouriou, Y.: The barrier layer in the
western tropical Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26,
2069–2072, 1999.
Qiu, Y., Cai, W., Li, L., and Guo, X.: Argo profiles variability of barrier
layer in the tropical Indian Ocean and its relationship with the Indian
Ocean Dipole, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L08605, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051441, 2012.
Qu, T. and Meyers, G.: Seasonal variation of barrier layer in the
southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
110, C11003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002816, 2005.
Rao, R. and Sivakumar, R.: Seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and
salt budget of the mixed layer of the north Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 108, 9-1–9-14, 2003.
Rao, R. R. and Sivakumar, R.: Seasonal variability of sea surface salinity and salt budget of
the mixed layer of the north Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.,
108, C13009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JC000907, 2003.
Saji, N., Goswami, B. N., Vinayachandran, P., and Yamagata, T.: A dipole
mode in the tropical Indian Ocean, Nature, 401, 360–363, 1999.
Saji, N. H. and Yamagata, T.: Possible impacts of Indian Ocean dipole mode events on global climate, Climate Res., 25, 151–169, 2003.
Schott, F. A., Xie, S.-P., and McCreary, J. P.: Indian Ocean circulation and
climate variability, Rev. Geophys., 47, RG1002, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007RG000245, 2009.
Seo, H., Xie, S.-P., Murtugudde, R., Jochum, M., and Miller, A. J.: Seasonal
effects of Indian Ocean freshwater forcing in a regional coupled model,
J. Climate, 22, 6577–6596, 2009.
Shinoda, T., Han, W., Metzger, E. J., and Hurlburt, H. E.: Seasonal
variation of the Indonesian throughflow in Makassar Strait, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 42, 1099–1123, 2012.
Singh, A., Delcroix, T., and Cravatte, S.: Contrasting the flavors of El
Niño – Southern Oscillation using sea surface salinity observations,
J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C06016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006862, 2011.
Sprintall, J. and Tomczak, M.: Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface
layer of the tropics, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 97,
7305–7316, 1992.
Subrahmanyam, B., Murty, V., and Heffner, D. M.: Sea surface salinity
variability in the tropical Indian Ocean, Remote Sens. Environ.,
115, 944–956, 2011.
Thadathil, P., Muraleedharan, P. M., Rao, R. R., Somayajulu, Y. K., Reddy, G. V., and
Revichandran, C.: Observed seasonal variability of barrier layer in the Bay
of Bengal, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 112, C02009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JC003651, 2007.
Thompson, B., Gnanaseelan, C., and Salvekar, P.: Variability in the Indian
Ocean circulation and salinity and its impact on SST anomalies during dipole
events, J. Mar. Res., 64, 853–880, 2006.
Vialard, J. and Delecluse, P.: An OGCM study for the TOGA decade. Part II:
Barrier-layer formation and variability, J. Phys. Oceanogr.,
28, 1089–1106, 1998.
Vinayachandran, P., Murty, V., and Ramesh Babu, V.: Observations of barrier
layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 107, SRF 19-11–SRF 19-19, 2002.
Vinayachandran, P. N. and Nanjundiah, R. S.: Indian Ocean sea surface
salinity variations in a coupled model, Clim. Dynam., 33, 245–263, 2009.
Xie, S.-P., Annamalai, H., Schott, F. A., and McCreary Jr., J. P.: Structure
and mechanisms of South Indian Ocean climate variability, J.
Climate, 15, 864–878, 2002.
Yokoi, T., Tozuka, T., and Yamagata, T.: Seasonal variation of the
Seychelles Dome, J. Climate, 21, 3740–3754, 2008.
Yokoi, T., Tozuka, T., and Yamagata, T.: Seasonal and interannual variations
of the SST above the Seychelles Dome, J. Climate, 25, 800–814, 2012.
Yu, W., Xiang, B., Liu, L., and Liu, N.: Understanding the origins of
interannual thermocline variations in the tropical Indian Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L24706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024327, 2005.
Zhang, N., Feng, M., Du, Y., Lan, J., and Wijffels, S. E.: Seasonal and
interannual variations of mixed layer salinity in the southeast tropical
Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 4716–4731, 2016.
Zhang, Q. and Yang, S.: Seasonal phase-locking of peak events in the eastern
Indian Ocean, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24, 781–798, 2007.
Zhang, Y. and Du, Y.: Seasonal variability of salinity budget and water
exchange in the northern Indian Ocean from HYCOM assimilation, Chin.
J. Oceanol. Limn., 30, 1082–1092, 2012.
Zhang, Y., Du, Y., Zheng, S., Yang, Y., and Cheng, X.: Impact of Indian
Ocean Dipole on the salinity budget in the equatorial Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 4911–4923, 2013.
Short summary
This work investigates the variabilities of the barrier layer thickness (BLT) in the tropical Indian Ocean with the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 3 ocean reanalysis data. Our results show that the seasonal variation of the BLT is in relation to the changes of thermocline and sea surface salinity. In terms of the interannual timescale, BLT presents a clear seasonal phase locking dominated by different drivers during the Indian Dipole and El Niño–Southern Oscillation events.
This work investigates the variabilities of the barrier layer thickness (BLT) in the tropical...
