Articles | Volume 16, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1183-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-16-1183-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Oct 2020
Research article |
| 17 Oct 2020
| 17 Oct 2020
An explicit estimate of the atmospheric nutrient impact on global oceanic productivity
Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development
(IERSD), National Observatory of Athens, Penteli, Greece
Matthias Gröger
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW),
Rostock, Germany
Jenny Hieronymus
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI),
Norrköping, Sweden
Ralf Döscher
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI),
Norrköping, Sweden
Related authors
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Matthias Karl, Kim A. Weiss, Dimitris Karagiannis, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Anastasia Kakouri, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Eleni Liakakou, Iasonas Stavroulas, Georgios Papangelis, Georgios Grivas, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Orestis Speyer, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7815–7835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A state-of-the-art thermodynamic model has been coupled with the city-scale chemistry transport model EPISODE–CityChem to investigate the equilibrium between the inorganic gas and aerosol phases over the greater Athens area, Greece. The simulations indicate that the formation of nitrates in an urban environment is significantly affected by local nitrogen oxide emissions, as well as ambient temperature, relative humidity, photochemical activity, and the presence of non-volatile cations.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Nikos Daskalakis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-952, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-952, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show distinct seasonal and geographical patterns in the contributions of mineral dust, marine and terrestrial biological particles to ice-nucleating particles (INP) concentrations that lead to atmospheric ice formation, a major source of uncertainty in climate predictions. Bioaerosols are the major source of INP at high temperatures, while mineral dust influences the global INP population at lower temperatures. These particles can satisfactorily reproduce INP in a climate model.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Medea Zanoli, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1785–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is enabled by ice-nucleating particles (INP) at higher temperatures than homogeneous formation and can profoundly affect the properties of clouds. Our global model results show that K-feldspar is the most important contributor to INP concentrations globally, affecting mid-level mixed-phase clouds. However, quartz can significantly contribute and dominates the lowest and the highest altitudes of dust-derived INP, affecting mainly low-level and high-level mixed-phase clouds.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas-Massó, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Akinori Ito, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Kanakidou, Maarten C. Krol, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3079–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth system model. We provide global budgets of oxalate, sulfate, and iron-containing aerosols, along with an analysis of the links among atmospheric composition, aqueous-phase processes, and aerosol dissolution, supported by comparison to observations. This work is a first step towards an interactive calculation of the deposition of bioavailable atmospheric iron coupled to the model’s ocean component.
Twan van Noije, Tommi Bergman, Philippe Le Sager, Declan O'Donnell, Risto Makkonen, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Ralf Döscher, Uwe Fladrich, Jost von Hardenberg, Jukka-Pekka Keskinen, Hannele Korhonen, Anton Laakso, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Pirkka Ollinaho, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Thomas Reerink, Roland Schrödner, Klaus Wyser, and Shuting Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5637–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the EC-Earth3 family of models participating in CMIP6. We give an overview of the model and describe in detail how it differs from its predecessor and the other EC-Earth3 configurations. The model's performance is characterized using coupled simulations conducted for CMIP6. The model has an effective equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.9 °C and a transient climate response of 2.1 °C.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Daskalakis, Angelos Gkouvousis, Andreas Hilboll, Twan van Noije, Jason E. Williams, Philippe Le Sager, Vincent Huijnen, Sander Houweling, Tommi Bergman, Johann Rasmus Nüß, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, and Maarten C. Krol
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5507–5548, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5507-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5507-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents and evaluates the detailed tropospheric gas-phase chemical mechanism MOGUNTIA in the three-dimensional chemistry transport model TM5-MP. The Rosenbrock solver, as generated by the KPP software, is implemented in the chemistry code, which can successfully replace the classical Euler backward integration method. The MOGUNTIA scheme satisfactorily simulates a large suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are observed in the atmosphere at significant levels.
George S. Fanourgakis, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Susanne E. Bauer, Tommi Bergman, Ken S. Carslaw, Alf Grini, Douglas S. Hamilton, Jill S. Johnson, Vlassis A. Karydis, Alf Kirkevåg, John K. Kodros, Ulrike Lohmann, Gan Luo, Risto Makkonen, Hitoshi Matsui, David Neubauer, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Julia Schmale, Philip Stier, Kostas Tsigaridis, Twan van Noije, Hailong Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, Daniel M. Westervelt, Yang Yang, Masaru Yoshioka, Nikos Daskalakis, Stefano Decesari, Martin Gysel-Beer, Nikos Kalivitis, Xiaohong Liu, Natalie M. Mahowald, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Roland Schrödner, Maria Sfakianaki, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Mingxuan Wu, and Fangqun Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8591–8617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8591-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8591-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of aerosols on clouds are important for climate studies but are among the largest uncertainties in climate projections. This study evaluates the skill of global models to simulate aerosol, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs). Model results show reduced spread in CDNC compared to CCN due to the negative correlation between the sensitivities of CDNC to aerosol number concentration (air pollution) and updraft velocity (atmospheric dynamics).
Nikos Kalivitis, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Giorgos Kouvarakis, Iasonas Stavroulas, Evaggelia Tzitzikalaki, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Hanna E. Manninen, Pontus Roldin, Tuukka Petäjä, Michael Boy, Markku Kulmala, Maria Kanakidou, and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2671–2686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2671-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2671-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) is an important source of atmospheric aerosols. For the Mediterranean atmosphere, only few studies exist. In this study we present one of the longest series of NPF by analyzing 10 years of data from Crete, Greece. NPF took place on 27 % of the available days; it was more frequent in spring and less so in late summer. Model simulations showed that NPF in the subtropical environment may differ greatly from that in the boreal environment.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Akinori Ito, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Maarten C. Krol, Natalie M. Mahowald, Rachel A. Scanza, Douglas S. Hamilton, Matthew S. Johnson, Nicholas Meskhidze, Jasper F. Kok, Cecile Guieu, Alex R. Baker, Timothy D. Jickells, Manmohan M. Sarin, Srinivas Bikkina, Rachel Shelley, Andrew Bowie, Morgane M. G. Perron, and Robert A. Duce
Biogeosciences, 15, 6659–6684, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first atmospheric iron (Fe) deposition model intercomparison is presented in this study, as a result of the deliberations of the United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP; http://www.gesamp.org/) Working Group 38. We conclude that model diversity over remote oceans reflects uncertainty in the Fe content parameterizations of dust aerosols, combustion aerosol emissions and the size distribution of transported aerosol Fe.
Alex R. Baker, Maria Kanakidou, Katye E. Altieri, Nikos Daskalakis, Gregory S. Okin, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Frank Dentener, Mitsuo Uematsu, Manmohan M. Sarin, Robert A. Duce, James N. Galloway, William C. Keene, Arvind Singh, Lauren Zamora, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Shital S. Rohekar, and Joseph M. Prospero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8189–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8189-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8189-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Man's activities have greatly increased the amount of nitrogen emitted into the atmosphere. Some of this nitrogen is transported to the world's oceans, where it may affect microscopic marine plants and cause ecological problems. The huge size of the oceans makes direct monitoring of nitrogen inputs impossible, so computer models must be used to assess this issue. We find that current models reproduce observed nitrogen deposition to the oceans reasonably well and recommend future improvements.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Athanasios Nenes, Alex R. Baker, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Maria Kanakidou
Biogeosciences, 13, 6519–6543, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6519-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6519-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The global atmospheric cycle of P is simulated accounting for natural and anthropogenic sources, acid dissolution of dust aerosol and changes in atmospheric acidity. Simulations show that P-containing dust dissolution flux may have increased in the last 150 years but is expected to decrease in the future, and biological particles are important carriers of bioavailable P to the ocean. These insights to the P cycle have important implications for marine ecosystem responses to climate change.
B. Quennehen, J.-C. Raut, K. S. Law, N. Daskalakis, G. Ancellet, C. Clerbaux, S.-W. Kim, M. T. Lund, G. Myhre, D. J. L. Olivié, S. Safieddine, R. B. Skeie, J. L. Thomas, S. Tsyro, A. Bazureau, N. Bellouin, M. Hu, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, S. Myriokefalitakis, J. Quaas, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, R. Cherian, A. Shimizu, J. Wang, S.-C. Yoon, and T. Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10765–10792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10765-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10765-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates the ability of six global models and one regional model in reproducing short-lived pollutants (defined here as ozone and its precursors, aerosols and black carbon) concentrations over Asia using satellite, ground-based and airborne observations.
Key findings are that models homogeneously reproduce the trace gas observations although nitrous oxides are underestimated, whereas the aerosol distributions are heterogeneously reproduced, implicating important uncertainties.
Nikos Daskalakis, Kostas Tsigaridis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, George S. Fanourgakis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9771–9784, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9771-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9771-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Three 30-year simulations of past atmospheric composition changes were performed using different anthropogenic emissions of pollutants accounting or not for the applied air quality legislation and accounting for the year–to–year observed climate and natural emissions variability. The actual benefit of applied legislation along with technological advances is higher than what is usually calculated by a simple comparison of today's atmosphere against a constant anthropogenic emissions simulation.
A. Stohl, B. Aamaas, M. Amann, L. H. Baker, N. Bellouin, T. K. Berntsen, O. Boucher, R. Cherian, W. Collins, N. Daskalakis, M. Dusinska, S. Eckhardt, J. S. Fuglestvedt, M. Harju, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, J. Hao, U. Im, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Maas, C. R. MacIntosh, G. Myhre, S. Myriokefalitakis, D. Olivié, J. Quaas, B. Quennehen, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, B. H. Samset, M. Schulz, Ø. Seland, K. P. Shine, R. B. Skeie, S. Wang, K. E. Yttri, and T. Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10529–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10529-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10529-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a summary of the findings of the ECLIPSE EU project. The project has investigated the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived climate pollutants (especially methane, ozone, aerosols) and has designed a global mitigation strategy that maximizes co-benefits between air quality and climate policy. Transient climate model simulations allowed quantifying the impacts on temperature (e.g., reduction in global warming by 0.22K for the decade 2041-2050) and precipitation.
S. Eckhardt, B. Quennehen, D. J. L. Olivié, T. K. Berntsen, R. Cherian, J. H. Christensen, W. Collins, S. Crepinsek, N. Daskalakis, M. Flanner, A. Herber, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, L. Huang, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, J. Langner, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Mahmood, A. Massling, S. Myriokefalitakis, I. E. Nielsen, J. K. Nøjgaard, J. Quaas, P. K. Quinn, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, S. Sharma, R. B. Skeie, H. Skov, T. Uttal, K. von Salzen, and A. Stohl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon and other aerosols in the Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long been struggling to capture this seasonality. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations from different updated models and emissions against a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set. We find that the models improved but still struggle to get the maximum concentrations.
S. Myriokefalitakis, N. Daskalakis, N. Mihalopoulos, A. R. Baker, A. Nenes, and M. Kanakidou
Biogeosciences, 12, 3973–3992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3973-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3973-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The global atmospheric cycle of Fe is simulated accounting for natural and combustion sources, proton- and organic ligand-promoted Fe dissolution from dust aerosol and changes in anthropogenic emissions, and thus in atmospheric acidity. Simulations show that Fe dissolution may have increased in the last 150 years and is expected to decrease due to air pollution regulations. Reductions in dissolved-Fe deposition can further limit the primary productivity over high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll water.
N. Daskalakis, S. Myriokefalitakis, and M. Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3543–3563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3543-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3543-2015, 2015
K. Tsigaridis, N. Daskalakis, M. Kanakidou, P. J. Adams, P. Artaxo, R. Bahadur, Y. Balkanski, S. E. Bauer, N. Bellouin, A. Benedetti, T. Bergman, T. K. Berntsen, J. P. Beukes, H. Bian, K. S. Carslaw, M. Chin, G. Curci, T. Diehl, R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, S. L. Gong, A. Hodzic, C. R. Hoyle, T. Iversen, S. Jathar, J. L. Jimenez, J. W. Kaiser, A. Kirkevåg, D. Koch, H. Kokkola, Y. H Lee, G. Lin, X. Liu, G. Luo, X. Ma, G. W. Mann, N. Mihalopoulos, J.-J. Morcrette, J.-F. Müller, G. Myhre, S. Myriokefalitakis, N. L. Ng, D. O'Donnell, J. E. Penner, L. Pozzoli, K. J. Pringle, L. M. Russell, M. Schulz, J. Sciare, Ø. Seland, D. T. Shindell, S. Sillman, R. B. Skeie, D. Spracklen, T. Stavrakou, S. D. Steenrod, T. Takemura, P. Tiitta, S. Tilmes, H. Tost, T. van Noije, P. G. van Zyl, K. von Salzen, F. Yu, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, R. A. Zaveri, H. Zhang, K. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and X. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10845–10895, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014, 2014
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Matthias Karl, Kim A. Weiss, Dimitris Karagiannis, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Anastasia Kakouri, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Eleni Liakakou, Iasonas Stavroulas, Georgios Papangelis, Georgios Grivas, Despina Paraskevopoulou, Orestis Speyer, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7815–7835, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A state-of-the-art thermodynamic model has been coupled with the city-scale chemistry transport model EPISODE–CityChem to investigate the equilibrium between the inorganic gas and aerosol phases over the greater Athens area, Greece. The simulations indicate that the formation of nitrates in an urban environment is significantly affected by local nitrogen oxide emissions, as well as ambient temperature, relative humidity, photochemical activity, and the presence of non-volatile cations.
Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Matthias Gröger, Jörg Schwinger, Raffaele Bernadello, Etienne Tourigny, Valentina Sicardi, Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, and Klaus Wyser
Biogeosciences, 21, 2189–2206, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2189-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The timing of the net primary production annual maxima in the North Atlantic in the period 1750–2100 is investigated using two Earth system models and the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. It is found that, for most of the region, the annual maxima occur progressively earlier, with the most change occurring after the year 2000. Shifts in the seasonality of the primary production may impact the entire ecosystem, which highlights the need for long-term monitoring campaigns in this area.
Itzel Ruvalcaba Baroni, Elin Almroth-Rosell, Lars Axell, Sam T. Fredriksson, Jenny Hieronymus, Magnus Hieronymus, Sandra-Esther Brunnabend, Matthias Gröger, Ivan Kuznetsov, Filippa Fransner, Robinson Hordoir, Saeed Falahat, and Lars Arneborg
Biogeosciences, 21, 2087–2132, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2087-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2087-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The health of the Baltic and North seas is threatened due to high anthropogenic pressure; thus, different methods to assess the status of these regions are urgently needed. Here, we validated a novel model simulating the ocean dynamics and biogeochemistry of the Baltic and North seas that can be used to create future climate and nutrient scenarios, contribute to European initiatives on de-eutrophication, and provide water quality advice and support on nutrient load reductions for both seas.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Nikos Daskalakis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-952, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-952, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We show distinct seasonal and geographical patterns in the contributions of mineral dust, marine and terrestrial biological particles to ice-nucleating particles (INP) concentrations that lead to atmospheric ice formation, a major source of uncertainty in climate predictions. Bioaerosols are the major source of INP at high temperatures, while mineral dust influences the global INP population at lower temperatures. These particles can satisfactorily reproduce INP in a climate model.
Sven Karsten, Hagen Radtke, Matthias Gröger, Ha T. M. Ho-Hagemann, Hossein Mashayekh, Thomas Neumann, and H. E. Markus Meier
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 1689–1708, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1689-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1689-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper describes the development of a regional Earth System Model for the Baltic Sea region. In contrast to conventional coupling approaches, the presented model includes a flux calculator operating on a common exchange grid. This approach automatically ensures a locally consistent treatment of fluxes and simplifies the exchange of model components. The presented model can be used for various scientific questions, such as studies of natural variability and ocean–atmosphere interactions.
Christoph Heinze, Thorsten Blenckner, Peter Brown, Friederike Fröb, Anne Morée, Adrian L. New, Cara Nissen, Stefanie Rynders, Isabel Seguro, Yevgeny Aksenov, Yuri Artioli, Timothée Bourgeois, Friedrich Burger, Jonathan Buzan, B. B. Cael, Veli Çağlar Yumruktepe, Melissa Chierici, Christopher Danek, Ulf Dieckmann, Agneta Fransson, Thomas Frölicher, Giovanni Galli, Marion Gehlen, Aridane G. González, Melchor Gonzalez-Davila, Nicolas Gruber, Örjan Gustafsson, Judith Hauck, Mikko Heino, Stephanie Henson, Jenny Hieronymus, I. Emma Huertas, Fatma Jebri, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes, Fortunat Joos, Jaideep Joshi, Stephen Kelly, Nandini Menon, Precious Mongwe, Laurent Oziel, Sólveig Ólafsdottir, Julien Palmieri, Fiz F. Pérez, Rajamohanan Pillai Ranith, Juliano Ramanantsoa, Tilla Roy, Dagmara Rusiecka, J. Magdalena Santana Casiano, Yeray Santana-Falcón, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Miriam Seifert, Anna Shchiptsova, Bablu Sinha, Christopher Somes, Reiner Steinfeldt, Dandan Tao, Jerry Tjiputra, Adam Ulfsbo, Christoph Völker, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu, and Ying Ye
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-182, 2023
Preprint under review for BG
Short summary
Short summary
For assessing the consequences of human-induced climate change for the marine realm, it is necessary to not only look at gradual changes but also at abrupt changes of environmental conditions. We summarise abrupt changes in ocean warming, acidification, and oxygen concentration as the key environmental factors for ecosystems. Taking these abrupt changes into account requires greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced to a larger extent than previously thought to limit respective damage.
Marios Chatziparaschos, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Kalivitis, Athanasios Nenes, María Gonçalves Ageitos, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Medea Zanoli, Mihalis Vrekoussis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 1785–1801, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation is enabled by ice-nucleating particles (INP) at higher temperatures than homogeneous formation and can profoundly affect the properties of clouds. Our global model results show that K-feldspar is the most important contributor to INP concentrations globally, affecting mid-level mixed-phase clouds. However, quartz can significantly contribute and dominates the lowest and the highest altitudes of dust-derived INP, affecting mainly low-level and high-level mixed-phase clouds.
Matthias Gröger, Manja Placke, H. E. Markus Meier, Florian Börgel, Sandra-Esther Brunnabend, Cyril Dutheil, Ulf Gräwe, Magnus Hieronymus, Thomas Neumann, Hagen Radtke, Semjon Schimanke, Jian Su, and Germo Väli
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 8613–8638, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-8613-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Comparisons of oceanographic climate data from different models often suffer from different model setups, forcing fields, and output of variables. This paper provides a protocol to harmonize these elements to set up multidecadal simulations for the Baltic Sea, a marginal sea in Europe. First results are shown from six different model simulations from four different model platforms. Topical studies for upwelling, marine heat waves, and stratification are also assessed.
Dmitry V. Sein, Anton Y. Dvornikov, Stanislav D. Martyanov, William Cabos, Vladimir A. Ryabchenko, Matthias Gröger, Daniela Jacob, Alok Kumar Mishra, and Pankaj Kumar
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 809–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-809-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-809-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of the marine biogeochemical variability upon the South Asian regional climate has been investigated. In the experiment where its full impact is activated, the average sea surface temperature is lower over most of the ocean. When the biogeochemical coupling is included, the main impacts include the enhanced phytoplankton primary production, a shallower thermocline, decreased SST and water temperature in subsurface layers.
Ralf Döscher, Mario Acosta, Andrea Alessandri, Peter Anthoni, Thomas Arsouze, Tommi Bergman, Raffaele Bernardello, Souhail Boussetta, Louis-Philippe Caron, Glenn Carver, Miguel Castrillo, Franco Catalano, Ivana Cvijanovic, Paolo Davini, Evelien Dekker, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, David Docquier, Pablo Echevarria, Uwe Fladrich, Ramon Fuentes-Franco, Matthias Gröger, Jost v. Hardenberg, Jenny Hieronymus, M. Pasha Karami, Jukka-Pekka Keskinen, Torben Koenigk, Risto Makkonen, François Massonnet, Martin Ménégoz, Paul A. Miller, Eduardo Moreno-Chamarro, Lars Nieradzik, Twan van Noije, Paul Nolan, Declan O'Donnell, Pirkka Ollinaho, Gijs van den Oord, Pablo Ortega, Oriol Tintó Prims, Arthur Ramos, Thomas Reerink, Clement Rousset, Yohan Ruprich-Robert, Philippe Le Sager, Torben Schmith, Roland Schrödner, Federico Serva, Valentina Sicardi, Marianne Sloth Madsen, Benjamin Smith, Tian Tian, Etienne Tourigny, Petteri Uotila, Martin Vancoppenolle, Shiyu Wang, David Wårlind, Ulrika Willén, Klaus Wyser, Shuting Yang, Xavier Yepes-Arbós, and Qiong Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2973–3020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2973-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2973-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Earth system model EC-Earth3 is documented here. Key performance metrics show physical behavior and biases well within the frame known from recent models. With improved physical and dynamic features, new ESM components, community tools, and largely improved physical performance compared to the CMIP5 version, EC-Earth3 represents a clear step forward for the only European community ESM. We demonstrate here that EC-Earth3 is suited for a range of tasks in CMIP6 and beyond.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas-Massó, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Akinori Ito, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Kanakidou, Maarten C. Krol, and Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 3079–3120, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-3079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We here describe the implementation of atmospheric multiphase processes in the EC-Earth Earth system model. We provide global budgets of oxalate, sulfate, and iron-containing aerosols, along with an analysis of the links among atmospheric composition, aqueous-phase processes, and aerosol dissolution, supported by comparison to observations. This work is a first step towards an interactive calculation of the deposition of bioavailable atmospheric iron coupled to the model’s ocean component.
Matthias Gröger, Christian Dieterich, Cyril Dutheil, H. E. Markus Meier, and Dmitry V. Sein
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 613–631, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-613-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-613-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric rivers transport high amounts of water from subtropical regions to Europe. They are an important driver of heavy precipitation and flooding. Their response to a warmer future climate in Europe has so far been assessed only by global climate models. In this study, we apply for the first time a high-resolution regional climate model that allow to better resolve and understand the fate of atmospheric rivers over Europe.
H. E. Markus Meier, Madline Kniebusch, Christian Dieterich, Matthias Gröger, Eduardo Zorita, Ragnar Elmgren, Kai Myrberg, Markus P. Ahola, Alena Bartosova, Erik Bonsdorff, Florian Börgel, Rene Capell, Ida Carlén, Thomas Carlund, Jacob Carstensen, Ole B. Christensen, Volker Dierschke, Claudia Frauen, Morten Frederiksen, Elie Gaget, Anders Galatius, Jari J. Haapala, Antti Halkka, Gustaf Hugelius, Birgit Hünicke, Jaak Jaagus, Mart Jüssi, Jukka Käyhkö, Nina Kirchner, Erik Kjellström, Karol Kulinski, Andreas Lehmann, Göran Lindström, Wilhelm May, Paul A. Miller, Volker Mohrholz, Bärbel Müller-Karulis, Diego Pavón-Jordán, Markus Quante, Marcus Reckermann, Anna Rutgersson, Oleg P. Savchuk, Martin Stendel, Laura Tuomi, Markku Viitasalo, Ralf Weisse, and Wenyan Zhang
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 457–593, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-457-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-457-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge about the effects of global warming on past and future changes in the climate of the Baltic Sea region is summarised and assessed. The study is an update of the Second Assessment of Climate Change (BACC II) published in 2015 and focuses on the atmosphere, land, cryosphere, ocean, sediments, and the terrestrial and marine biosphere.
H. E. Markus Meier, Christian Dieterich, Matthias Gröger, Cyril Dutheil, Florian Börgel, Kseniia Safonova, Ole B. Christensen, and Erik Kjellström
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 159–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-159-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-159-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In addition to environmental pressures such as eutrophication, overfishing and contaminants, climate change is believed to have an important impact on the marine environment in the future, and marine management should consider the related risks. Hence, we have compared and assessed available scenario simulations for the Baltic Sea and found considerable uncertainties of the projections caused by the underlying assumptions and model biases, in particular for the water and biogeochemical cycles.
Ole Bøssing Christensen, Erik Kjellström, Christian Dieterich, Matthias Gröger, and Hans Eberhard Markus Meier
Earth Syst. Dynam., 13, 133–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-133-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-133-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Baltic Sea Region is very sensitive to climate change, whose impacts could easily exacerbate biodiversity stress from society and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Therefore, there has been a focus on estimations of future climate change and its impacts in recent research. Models show a strong warming, in particular in the north in winter. Precipitation is projected to increase in the whole region apart from the south during summer. New results improve estimates of future climate change.
Jenny Hieronymus, Kari Eilola, Malin Olofsson, Inga Hense, H. E. Markus Meier, and Elin Almroth-Rosell
Biogeosciences, 18, 6213–6227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6213-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6213-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Dense blooms of cyanobacteria occur every summer in the Baltic Proper and can add to eutrophication by their ability to turn nitrogen gas into dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Being able to correctly estimate the size of this nitrogen fixation is important for management purposes. In this work, we find that the life cycle of cyanobacteria plays an important role in capturing the seasonality of the blooms as well as the size of nitrogen fixation in our ocean model.
Matthias Gröger, Christian Dieterich, Jari Haapala, Ha Thi Minh Ho-Hagemann, Stefan Hagemann, Jaromir Jakacki, Wilhelm May, H. E. Markus Meier, Paul A. Miller, Anna Rutgersson, and Lichuan Wu
Earth Syst. Dynam., 12, 939–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Regional climate studies are typically pursued by single Earth system component models (e.g., ocean models and atmosphere models). These models are driven by prescribed data which hamper the simulation of feedbacks between Earth system components. To overcome this, models were developed that interactively couple model components and allow an adequate simulation of Earth system interactions important for climate. This article reviews recent developments of such models for the Baltic Sea region.
Twan van Noije, Tommi Bergman, Philippe Le Sager, Declan O'Donnell, Risto Makkonen, María Gonçalves-Ageitos, Ralf Döscher, Uwe Fladrich, Jost von Hardenberg, Jukka-Pekka Keskinen, Hannele Korhonen, Anton Laakso, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Pirkka Ollinaho, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Thomas Reerink, Roland Schrödner, Klaus Wyser, and Shuting Yang
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 5637–5668, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-5637-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper documents the global climate model EC-Earth3-AerChem, one of the members of the EC-Earth3 family of models participating in CMIP6. We give an overview of the model and describe in detail how it differs from its predecessor and the other EC-Earth3 configurations. The model's performance is characterized using coupled simulations conducted for CMIP6. The model has an effective equilibrium climate sensitivity of 3.9 °C and a transient climate response of 2.1 °C.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nikos Daskalakis, Angelos Gkouvousis, Andreas Hilboll, Twan van Noije, Jason E. Williams, Philippe Le Sager, Vincent Huijnen, Sander Houweling, Tommi Bergman, Johann Rasmus Nüß, Mihalis Vrekoussis, Maria Kanakidou, and Maarten C. Krol
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 5507–5548, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5507-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5507-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work documents and evaluates the detailed tropospheric gas-phase chemical mechanism MOGUNTIA in the three-dimensional chemistry transport model TM5-MP. The Rosenbrock solver, as generated by the KPP software, is implemented in the chemistry code, which can successfully replace the classical Euler backward integration method. The MOGUNTIA scheme satisfactorily simulates a large suite of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are observed in the atmosphere at significant levels.
Klaus Wyser, Twan van Noije, Shuting Yang, Jost von Hardenberg, Declan O'Donnell, and Ralf Döscher
Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 3465–3474, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3465-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-3465-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The EC-Earth model used for CMIP6 is found to have a higher equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) than its predecessor used for CMIP5. In a series of sensitivity experiments, we investigate which model updates since CMIP5 have contributed to the increase in ECS. The main reason for the higher sensitivity in the EC-Earth model is the improved representation of the aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions.
Christian Dieterich, Matthias Gröger, Lars Arneborg, and Helén C. Andersson
Ocean Sci., 15, 1399–1418, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1399-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1399-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We assess storm surges in the Baltic Sea and how they are represented in a regional climate model. We show how well different model formulations agree with each other and how this model uncertainty relates to observational uncertainty. With an ensemble of model solutions that represent today's climate, we show that this uncertainty is of the same size as the observational uncertainty. The second part of this study compares climate uncertainty with scenario uncertainty and natural variability.
George S. Fanourgakis, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Susanne E. Bauer, Tommi Bergman, Ken S. Carslaw, Alf Grini, Douglas S. Hamilton, Jill S. Johnson, Vlassis A. Karydis, Alf Kirkevåg, John K. Kodros, Ulrike Lohmann, Gan Luo, Risto Makkonen, Hitoshi Matsui, David Neubauer, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Julia Schmale, Philip Stier, Kostas Tsigaridis, Twan van Noije, Hailong Wang, Duncan Watson-Parris, Daniel M. Westervelt, Yang Yang, Masaru Yoshioka, Nikos Daskalakis, Stefano Decesari, Martin Gysel-Beer, Nikos Kalivitis, Xiaohong Liu, Natalie M. Mahowald, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Roland Schrödner, Maria Sfakianaki, Alexandra P. Tsimpidi, Mingxuan Wu, and Fangqun Yu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 8591–8617, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8591-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8591-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Effects of aerosols on clouds are important for climate studies but are among the largest uncertainties in climate projections. This study evaluates the skill of global models to simulate aerosol, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNCs). Model results show reduced spread in CDNC compared to CCN due to the negative correlation between the sensitivities of CDNC to aerosol number concentration (air pollution) and updraft velocity (atmospheric dynamics).
Nikos Kalivitis, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Giorgos Kouvarakis, Iasonas Stavroulas, Evaggelia Tzitzikalaki, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Daskalakis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Hanna E. Manninen, Pontus Roldin, Tuukka Petäjä, Michael Boy, Markku Kulmala, Maria Kanakidou, and Nikolaos Mihalopoulos
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2671–2686, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2671-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2671-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
New particle formation (NPF) is an important source of atmospheric aerosols. For the Mediterranean atmosphere, only few studies exist. In this study we present one of the longest series of NPF by analyzing 10 years of data from Crete, Greece. NPF took place on 27 % of the available days; it was more frequent in spring and less so in late summer. Model simulations showed that NPF in the subtropical environment may differ greatly from that in the boreal environment.
Robinson Hordoir, Lars Axell, Anders Höglund, Christian Dieterich, Filippa Fransner, Matthias Gröger, Ye Liu, Per Pemberton, Semjon Schimanke, Helen Andersson, Patrik Ljungemyr, Petter Nygren, Saeed Falahat, Adam Nord, Anette Jönsson, Iréne Lake, Kristofer Döös, Magnus Hieronymus, Heiner Dietze, Ulrike Löptien, Ivan Kuznetsov, Antti Westerlund, Laura Tuomi, and Jari Haapala
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 363–386, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-363-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-363-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Nemo-Nordic is a regional ocean model based on a community code (NEMO). It covers the Baltic and the North Sea area and is used as a forecast model by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. It is also used as a research tool by scientists of several countries to study, for example, the effects of climate change on the Baltic and North seas. Using such a model permits us to understand key processes in this coastal ecosystem and how such processes will change in a future climate.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Akinori Ito, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Maarten C. Krol, Natalie M. Mahowald, Rachel A. Scanza, Douglas S. Hamilton, Matthew S. Johnson, Nicholas Meskhidze, Jasper F. Kok, Cecile Guieu, Alex R. Baker, Timothy D. Jickells, Manmohan M. Sarin, Srinivas Bikkina, Rachel Shelley, Andrew Bowie, Morgane M. G. Perron, and Robert A. Duce
Biogeosciences, 15, 6659–6684, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The first atmospheric iron (Fe) deposition model intercomparison is presented in this study, as a result of the deliberations of the United Nations Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP; http://www.gesamp.org/) Working Group 38. We conclude that model diversity over remote oceans reflects uncertainty in the Fe content parameterizations of dust aerosols, combustion aerosol emissions and the size distribution of transported aerosol Fe.
Alex R. Baker, Maria Kanakidou, Katye E. Altieri, Nikos Daskalakis, Gregory S. Okin, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Frank Dentener, Mitsuo Uematsu, Manmohan M. Sarin, Robert A. Duce, James N. Galloway, William C. Keene, Arvind Singh, Lauren Zamora, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Shital S. Rohekar, and Joseph M. Prospero
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8189–8210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8189-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8189-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Man's activities have greatly increased the amount of nitrogen emitted into the atmosphere. Some of this nitrogen is transported to the world's oceans, where it may affect microscopic marine plants and cause ecological problems. The huge size of the oceans makes direct monitoring of nitrogen inputs impossible, so computer models must be used to assess this issue. We find that current models reproduce observed nitrogen deposition to the oceans reasonably well and recommend future improvements.
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Athanasios Nenes, Alex R. Baker, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, and Maria Kanakidou
Biogeosciences, 13, 6519–6543, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6519-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6519-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The global atmospheric cycle of P is simulated accounting for natural and anthropogenic sources, acid dissolution of dust aerosol and changes in atmospheric acidity. Simulations show that P-containing dust dissolution flux may have increased in the last 150 years but is expected to decrease in the future, and biological particles are important carriers of bioavailable P to the ocean. These insights to the P cycle have important implications for marine ecosystem responses to climate change.
B. Quennehen, J.-C. Raut, K. S. Law, N. Daskalakis, G. Ancellet, C. Clerbaux, S.-W. Kim, M. T. Lund, G. Myhre, D. J. L. Olivié, S. Safieddine, R. B. Skeie, J. L. Thomas, S. Tsyro, A. Bazureau, N. Bellouin, M. Hu, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, S. Myriokefalitakis, J. Quaas, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, R. Cherian, A. Shimizu, J. Wang, S.-C. Yoon, and T. Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10765–10792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10765-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10765-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper evaluates the ability of six global models and one regional model in reproducing short-lived pollutants (defined here as ozone and its precursors, aerosols and black carbon) concentrations over Asia using satellite, ground-based and airborne observations.
Key findings are that models homogeneously reproduce the trace gas observations although nitrous oxides are underestimated, whereas the aerosol distributions are heterogeneously reproduced, implicating important uncertainties.
Nikos Daskalakis, Kostas Tsigaridis, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, George S. Fanourgakis, and Maria Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9771–9784, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9771-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9771-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Three 30-year simulations of past atmospheric composition changes were performed using different anthropogenic emissions of pollutants accounting or not for the applied air quality legislation and accounting for the year–to–year observed climate and natural emissions variability. The actual benefit of applied legislation along with technological advances is higher than what is usually calculated by a simple comparison of today's atmosphere against a constant anthropogenic emissions simulation.
A. Stohl, B. Aamaas, M. Amann, L. H. Baker, N. Bellouin, T. K. Berntsen, O. Boucher, R. Cherian, W. Collins, N. Daskalakis, M. Dusinska, S. Eckhardt, J. S. Fuglestvedt, M. Harju, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, J. Hao, U. Im, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, K. Kupiainen, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Maas, C. R. MacIntosh, G. Myhre, S. Myriokefalitakis, D. Olivié, J. Quaas, B. Quennehen, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, B. H. Samset, M. Schulz, Ø. Seland, K. P. Shine, R. B. Skeie, S. Wang, K. E. Yttri, and T. Zhu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 10529–10566, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10529-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10529-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a summary of the findings of the ECLIPSE EU project. The project has investigated the climate and air quality impacts of short-lived climate pollutants (especially methane, ozone, aerosols) and has designed a global mitigation strategy that maximizes co-benefits between air quality and climate policy. Transient climate model simulations allowed quantifying the impacts on temperature (e.g., reduction in global warming by 0.22K for the decade 2041-2050) and precipitation.
S. Eckhardt, B. Quennehen, D. J. L. Olivié, T. K. Berntsen, R. Cherian, J. H. Christensen, W. Collins, S. Crepinsek, N. Daskalakis, M. Flanner, A. Herber, C. Heyes, Ø. Hodnebrog, L. Huang, M. Kanakidou, Z. Klimont, J. Langner, K. S. Law, M. T. Lund, R. Mahmood, A. Massling, S. Myriokefalitakis, I. E. Nielsen, J. K. Nøjgaard, J. Quaas, P. K. Quinn, J.-C. Raut, S. T. Rumbold, M. Schulz, S. Sharma, R. B. Skeie, H. Skov, T. Uttal, K. von Salzen, and A. Stohl
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 9413–9433, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9413-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon and other aerosols in the Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long been struggling to capture this seasonality. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations from different updated models and emissions against a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set. We find that the models improved but still struggle to get the maximum concentrations.
S. Myriokefalitakis, N. Daskalakis, N. Mihalopoulos, A. R. Baker, A. Nenes, and M. Kanakidou
Biogeosciences, 12, 3973–3992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3973-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3973-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The global atmospheric cycle of Fe is simulated accounting for natural and combustion sources, proton- and organic ligand-promoted Fe dissolution from dust aerosol and changes in anthropogenic emissions, and thus in atmospheric acidity. Simulations show that Fe dissolution may have increased in the last 150 years and is expected to decrease due to air pollution regulations. Reductions in dissolved-Fe deposition can further limit the primary productivity over high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll water.
N. Daskalakis, S. Myriokefalitakis, and M. Kanakidou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3543–3563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3543-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3543-2015, 2015
R. Döscher, T. Vihma, and E. Maksimovich
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 13571–13600, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-13571-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
The article reviews progress in understanding of the Arctic sea ice decline. Processes are revisited from an atmospheric, ocean and sea ice perspective. There is strong evidence for decisive atmospheric drivers of sea ice change. Large-scale ocean influences on the Arctic Ocean hydrology and circulation are highly evident. Ocean heat fluxes are clearly impacting the ice margins. Little indication exists for a direct decisive influence of the warming ocean on the central Arctic sea ice cover.
K. Tsigaridis, N. Daskalakis, M. Kanakidou, P. J. Adams, P. Artaxo, R. Bahadur, Y. Balkanski, S. E. Bauer, N. Bellouin, A. Benedetti, T. Bergman, T. K. Berntsen, J. P. Beukes, H. Bian, K. S. Carslaw, M. Chin, G. Curci, T. Diehl, R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, S. L. Gong, A. Hodzic, C. R. Hoyle, T. Iversen, S. Jathar, J. L. Jimenez, J. W. Kaiser, A. Kirkevåg, D. Koch, H. Kokkola, Y. H Lee, G. Lin, X. Liu, G. Luo, X. Ma, G. W. Mann, N. Mihalopoulos, J.-J. Morcrette, J.-F. Müller, G. Myhre, S. Myriokefalitakis, N. L. Ng, D. O'Donnell, J. E. Penner, L. Pozzoli, K. J. Pringle, L. M. Russell, M. Schulz, J. Sciare, Ø. Seland, D. T. Shindell, S. Sillman, R. B. Skeie, D. Spracklen, T. Stavrakou, S. D. Steenrod, T. Takemura, P. Tiitta, S. Tilmes, H. Tost, T. van Noije, P. G. van Zyl, K. von Salzen, F. Yu, Z. Wang, Z. Wang, R. A. Zaveri, H. Zhang, K. Zhang, Q. Zhang, and X. Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10845–10895, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014, 2014
P. Berg, R. Döscher, and T. Koenigk
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 849–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-849-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-849-2013, 2013
M. Gröger, E. Maier-Reimer, U. Mikolajewicz, A. Moll, and D. Sein
Biogeosciences, 10, 3767–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3767-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3767-2013, 2013
P. Bakker, E. J. Stone, S. Charbit, M. Gröger, U. Krebs-Kanzow, S. P. Ritz, V. Varma, V. Khon, D. J. Lunt, U. Mikolajewicz, M. Prange, H. Renssen, B. Schneider, and M. Schulz
Clim. Past, 9, 605–619, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-605-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-605-2013, 2013
R. Döscher and T. Koenigk
Ocean Sci., 9, 217–248, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-217-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-217-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Aumont, O. and Bopp, L.: Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron
fertilization studies, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 20, GB2017,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002591, 2006.
Aumont, O., Ethé, C., Tagliabue, A., Bopp, L., and Gehlen, M.: PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 2465–2513, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2465-2015, 2015.
Barkley, A. E., Prospero, J. M., Mahowald, N., Hamilton, D. S., Popendorf,
K. J., Oehlert, A. M., Pourmand, A., Gatineau, A., Panechou-Pulcherie, K.,
Blackwelder, P., and Gaston, C. J.: African biomass burning is a substantial
source of phosphorus deposition to the Amazon, Tropical Atlantic Ocean, and
Southern Ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, 16216–16221,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906091116, 2019.
Behrenfeld, M. J., Boss, E., Siegel, D. A., and Shea, D. M.: Carbon-based
ocean productivity and phytoplankton physiology from space, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 19, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002299, 2005.
Behrenfeld, M. J., O'Malley, R. T., Siegel, D. A., McClain, C. R.,
Sarmiento, J. L., Feldman, G. C., Milligan, A. J., Falkowski, P. G.,
Letelier, R. M., and Boss, E. S.: Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean
productivity, Nature, 444, 752–755, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05317, 2006.
Bindoff, N. L., Cheung, W. W. L., Kairo, J. G., Arístegui, J., Guinder,
V. A., Hallberg, R., Hilmi, N., Jiao, N., Karim, M. S., Levin, L.,
O'Donoghue, S., Cuicapusa, S. R. P., Rinkevich, B., Suga, T., Tagliabue, A., and Williamson, P.: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent
Communities, IPCC Spec. Rep. Ocean Cryosph. a Chang. Clim., edited by:
Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A.,
Petzold, J., Rama, B., and Weyer, N. M., in press, 2019.
Camarero, L. and Catalan, J.: Atmospheric phosphorus deposition may cause
lakes to revert from phosphorus limitation back to nitrogen limitation, Nat.
Commun., 3, 1118, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2125, 2012.
Christodoulaki, S., Petihakis, G., Kanakidou, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Tsiaras,
K., and Triantafyllou, G.: Atmospheric deposition in the Eastern
Mediterranean. A driving force for ecosystem dynamics, J. Mar. Syst.,
109–110, 78–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.07.007, 2013.
Christodoulaki, S., Petihakis, G., Mihalopoulos, N., Tsiaras, K.,
Triantafyllou, G., and Kanakidou, M.: Human-Driven Atmospheric Deposition of
N and P Controls on the East Mediterranean Marine Ecosystem, J. Atmos. Sci.,
73, 1611–1618, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0241.1, 2016.
Collins, M., Knutti, R., Arblaster, J., Dufresne, J.-L., Fichefet, T.,
Friedlingstein, P., Gao, X., Gutowski, W. J., Johns, T., Krinner, G.,
Shongwe, M., Tebaldi, C., Weaver, A. J., and Wehner, M.: Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change Working Group I. Climate Change 2013: The Physical
Science Basis. Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and
Irreversibility, in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.
K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2013.
Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P.,
Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P.,
Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N.,
Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S.
B., Hersbach, H., Hólm, E. V, Isaksen, L., Kållberg, P., Köhler,
M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J.,
Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thépaut, J.-N.,
Vitart, F., Berg, L. Van De, Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani,
R., Fuentes, M., Geer, A. J., and Dee, D. P.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis:
configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy.
Meteor. Soc., 137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011.
Duce, R. A., Liss, P. S., Merrill, J. T., Atlas, E. L., Hicks, B. B.,
Millertl, J. M., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R., Church, T. M., Ellis, W.,
Galloway, J. N., Hansen, L., Knap, A. H., Reinhardt, K. H., Soudine, A.,
Tsunogai, S., Wollast, R., and Zhou, M.: The atmospheric input of trace
species to the world ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 5, 193–259, 1991.
Duce, R. A., LaRoche, J., Altieri, K., Arrigo, K. R., Baker, A. . R.,
Capone, D. G., Cornell, S., Dentener, F., Galloway, J., Ganeshram, R. S.,
Geider, R. J., Jickells, T. D., Kuypers, M. M., Langlois, R., Liss, P. S.,
Liu, S. M., Middelburg, J. J., Moore, C. M., Nickovic, S., Oschlies, A.,
Pedersen, T., Prospero, J., Schlitzer, R., Seitzinger, S., Sorensen, L. L.,
Uematsu, M., Ulloa, O., Voss, M., Ward, B., and Zamora, L.: Impacts of
Atmospheric Anthropogenic Nitrogen on the Open Ocean, Science,
320, 893–897, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150369, 2008.
Falkowski, P. G., Scholes, R. J., Boyle, E., Canadell, J., Canfield, D.,
Elser, J., Gruber, N., Hibbard, K., Högberg, P., Linder, S., Mackenzie,
F. T., Moore, B., Pedersen, T., Rosenthal, Y., Seitzinger, S., Smetacek, V., and Steffen, W.: The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth
as a System, Science, 290, 291–296,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5490.291, 2000.
Fountoukis, C. and Nenes, A.: ISORROPIA II: a computationally efficient
thermodynamic equilibrium model for
K+–Ca2+–Mg2+–
Fu, W., Randerson, J. T., and Moore, J. K.: Climate change impacts on net primary production (NPP) and export production (EP) regulated by increasing stratification and phytoplankton community structure in the CMIP5 models, Biogeosciences, 13, 5151–5170, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5151-2016, 2016.
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R., Boyer, T., Antonov, T., Baranova, O., Zweng, M., and Johnson, D.: WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2009 Volume 3: Dissolved Oxygen, Apparent
Oxygen Utilization, and Oxygen Saturation, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., USA, 2010a.
Garcia, H. E., Locarnini, R. A., Boyer, T. P., Antonov, J. I., Zweng, M. M.,
Baranova, O. K., and Johnson, D. R.: WORLD OCEAN ATLAS 2009 Volume 4:
Nutrients (phosphate, nitrate and silicate), U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., USA, 2010b.
Ginoux, P., Prospero, J. M., Gill, T. E., Hsu, N. C., and Zhao, M.:
Global-scale attribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources and their
emission rates based on MODIS Deep Blue aerosol products, Rev. Geophys.,
50, RG3005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012RG000388, 2012.
Gröger, M., Maier-Reimer, E., Mikolajewicz, U., Moll, A., and Sein, D.: NW European shelf under climate warming: implications for open ocean – shelf exchange, primary production, and carbon absorption, Biogeosciences, 10, 3767–3792, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3767-2013, 2013.
Gruber, N.: The Dynamics of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle and its Influence on
Atmospheric CO2 Variations, in: The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, the Netherlands,
97–148, 2004.
Gruber, N., Gloor, M., Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Doney, S. C., Dutkiewicz,
S., Follows, M. J., Gerber, M., Jacobson, A. R., Joos, F., Lindsay, K.,
Menemenlis, D., Mouchet, A., Müller, S. A., Sarmiento, J. L., and
Takahashi, T.: Oceanic sources, sinks, and transport of atmospheric CO2,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB1005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003349, 2009.
Guieu, C., Dulac, F., Ridame, C., and Pondaven, P.: Introduction to project DUNE, a DUst experiment in a low Nutrient, low chlorophyll Ecosystem, Biogeosciences, 11, 425–442, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-425-2014, 2014.
Hajima, T., Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, A., Tatebe, H., Noguchi, M. A., Abe, M., Ohgaito, R., Ito, A., Yamazaki, D., Okajima, H., Ito, A., Takata, K., Ogochi, K., Watanabe, S., and Kawamiya, M.: Development of the MIROC-ES2L Earth system model and the evaluation of biogeochemical processes and feedbacks, Geosci. Model Dev., 13, 2197–2244, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-2197-2020, 2020.
Hamilton, D. S., Moore, J. K., Arneth, A., Bond, T. C., Carslaw, K. S.,
Hantson, S., Ito, A., Kaplan, J. O., Lindsay, K., Nieradzik, L., Rathod, S.
D., Scanza, R. A., and Mahowald, N. M.: Impact of Changes to the Atmospheric
Soluble Iron Deposition Flux on Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles in the
Anthropocene, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 34, e2019GB006448, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006448,
2020.
Holt, J., Butenschön, M., Wakelin, S. L., Artioli, Y., and Allen, J. I.: Oceanic controls on the primary production of the northwest European continental shelf: model experiments under recent past conditions and a potential future scenario, Biogeosciences, 9, 97–117, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-97-2012, 2012.
Huneeus, N., Schulz, M., Balkanski, Y., Griesfeller, J., Prospero, J., Kinne, S., Bauer, S., Boucher, O., Chin, M., Dentener, F., Diehl, T., Easter, R., Fillmore, D., Ghan, S., Ginoux, P., Grini, A., Horowitz, L., Koch, D., Krol, M. C., Landing, W., Liu, X., Mahowald, N., Miller, R., Morcrette, J.-J., Myhre, G., Penner, J., Perlwitz, J., Stier, P., Takemura, T., and Zender, C. S.: Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 7781–7816, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7781-2011, 2011.
Ito, A.: Global modeling study of potentially bioavailable iron input from
shipboard aerosol sources to the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 27,
1–10, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GB004378, 2013.
Ito, A. and Xu, L.: Response of acid mobilization of iron-containing mineral dust to improvement of air quality projected in the future, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 3441–3459, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3441-2014, 2014.
Ito, A., Myriokefalitakis, S., Kanakidou, M., Mahowald, N. M., Scanza, R.
A., Hamilton, D. S., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T., Sarin, M., Bikkina, S.,
Gao, Y., Shelley, R. U., Buck, C. S., Landing, W. M., Bowie, A. R., Perron,
M. M. G., Guieu, C., Meskhidze, N., Johnson, M. S., Feng, Y., Kok, J. F.,
Nenes, A., and Duce, R. A.: Pyrogenic iron: The missing link to high iron
solubility in aerosols, Sci. Adv., 5, eaau7671,
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7671, 2019a.
Ito, A., Ye, Y., Yamamoto, A., Watanabe, M., and Aita, M. N.: Responses of
ocean biogeochemistry to atmospheric supply of lithogenic and pyrogenic
iron-containing aerosols, Geol. Mag., 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756819001080,
2019b.
Kanakidou, M., Duce, R. A., Prospero, J. M., Baker, A. R., Benitez-Nelson,
C., Dentener, F. J., Hunter, K. A., Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Okin, G. S.,
Sarin, M., Tsigaridis, K., Uematsu, M., Zamora, L. M., and Zhu, T.:
Atmospheric fluxes of organic N and P to the global ocean, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, 2011GB004277, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004277, 2012.
Kanakidou, M., Myriokefalitakis, S., Daskalakis, N., Fanourgakis, G., Nenes,
A., Baker, A. R., Tsigaridis, K., and Mihalopoulos, N.: Past, Present, and
Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition, J. Atmos. Sci., 73, 2039–2047,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0278.1, 2016.
Kanakidou, M., Myriokefalitakis, S., and Tsigaridis, K.: Aerosols in
atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles of nutrients, Environ. Res.
Lett., 13, 063004, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabcdb, 2018.
Kanakidou, M., Myriokefalitakis, S., and Tsagkaraki, M.: Atmospheric inputs
of nutrients to the Mediterranean Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 171, 104606, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2019.06.014, 2020.
Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Wanninkhof, R., Bullister, J.
L., Feely, R. A., Millero, F. J., Mordy, C., and Peng, T.-H.: A global ocean
carbon climatology: Results from Global Data Analysis Project (GLODAP),
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, GB4031, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002247, 2004.
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Zender, C. S., and Luo, C.: Effects of
atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, J.
Geophys. Res., 112, G02019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JG000334, 2007.
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Mahowald, N., Luo, C., Doney, S. C.,
Lindsay, K., and Zender, C. S.: Impacts of increasing anthropogenic soluble
iron and nitrogen deposition on ocean biogeochemistry, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 23, GB3016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003440, 2009.
Krishnamurthy, A., Moore, J. K., Mahowald, N., Luo, C., and Zender, C. S.:
Impacts of atmospheric nutrient inputs on marine biogeochemistry, J.
Geophys. Res., 115, G01006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JG001115, 2010.
Kustka, A., Carpenter, E. J., and Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A.: Iron and marine
nitrogen fixation: progress and future directions, Res. Microbiol., 153,
255–262, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-2508(02)01325-6, 2002.
Lamarque, J.-F., Shindell, D. T., Josse, B., Young, P. J., Cionni, I., Eyring, V., Bergmann, D., Cameron-Smith, P., Collins, W. J., Doherty, R., Dalsoren, S., Faluvegi, G., Folberth, G., Ghan, S. J., Horowitz, L. W., Lee, Y. H., MacKenzie, I. A., Nagashima, T., Naik, V., Plummer, D., Righi, M., Rumbold, S. T., Schulz, M., Skeie, R. B., Stevenson, D. S., Strode, S., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Voulgarakis, A., and Zeng, G.: The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP): overview and description of models, simulations and climate diagnostics, Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 179–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-179-2013, 2013.
Large, W. G. and Yeager, S. G.: The global climatology of an interannually
varying air–sea flux data set, Clim. Dynam., 33, 341–364,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-008-0441-3, 2009.
Laufkötter, C., Vogt, M., Gruber, N., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Hauck, J., John, J. G., Lima, I. D., Seferian, R., and Völker, C.: Projected decreases in future marine export production: the role of the carbon flux through the upper ocean ecosystem, Biogeosciences, 13, 4023–4047, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4023-2016, 2016.
Le Quéré, C., Andres, R. J., Boden, T., Conway, T., Houghton, R. A., House, J. I., Marland, G., Peters, G. P., van der Werf, G. R., Ahlström, A., Andrew, R. M., Bopp, L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Doney, S. C., Enright, C., Friedlingstein, P., Huntingford, C., Jain, A. K., Jourdain, C., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Klein Goldewijk, K., Levis, S., Levy, P., Lomas, M., Poulter, B., Raupach, M. R., Schwinger, J., Sitch, S., Stocker, B. D., Viovy, N., Zaehle, S., and Zeng, N.: The global carbon budget 1959–2011, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 165–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-165-2013, 2013.
Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H.
E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Johnson, D.
R., Hamilton, M., and Seidov, D.: World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 1:
Temperature, in: World Ocean Atlas 2013, edited by: Levitus, E. S. and
Mishonov, A., vol. 1, p. 40, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 73, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 2013.
Luo, C., Mahowald, N., Bond, T., Chuang, P. Y., Artaxo, P., Siefert, R.,
Chen, Y., and Schauer, J.: Combustion iron distribution and deposition,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB1012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002964, 2008.
Mahowald, N.: Aerosol Indirect Effect on Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate,
Science, 334, 794–796, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207374, 2011.
Mahowald, N., Jickells, T. D., Baker, A. R., Artaxo, P., Benitez-Nelson, C.
R., Bergametti, G., Bond, T. C., Chen, Y., Cohen, D. D., Herut, B., Kubilay,
N., Losno, R., Luo, C., Maenhaut, W., McGee, K. A., Okin, G. S., Siefert, R.
L., and Tsukuda, S.: Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources,
concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4026, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GB003240, 2008.
Mahowald, N. M., Engelstaedter, S., Luo, C., Sealy, A., Artaxo, P.,
Benitez-Nelson, C., Bonnet, S., Chen, Y., Chuang, P. Y., Cohen, D. D.,
Dulac, F., Herut, B., Johansen, A. M., Kubilay, N., Losno, R., Maenhaut, W.,
Paytan, A., Prospero, J. M., Shank, L. M., and Siefert, R. L.: Atmospheric
iron deposition: global distribution, variability, and human perturbations.,
Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 245–278, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163727,
2009.
Mahowald, N. M., Kloster, S., Engelstaedter, S., Moore, J. K., Mukhopadhyay, S., McConnell, J. R., Albani, S., Doney, S. C., Bhattacharya, A., Curran, M. A. J., Flanner, M. G., Hoffman, F. M., Lawrence, D. M., Lindsay, K., Mayewski, P. A., Neff, J., Rothenberg, D., Thomas, E., Thornton, P. E., and Zender, C. S.: Observed 20th century desert dust variability: impact on climate and biogeochemistry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10875–10893, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10875-2010, 2010.
Mahowald, N. M., Scanza, R., Brahney, J., Goodale, C. L., Hess, P. G.,
Moore, J. K., and Neff, J.: Aerosol Deposition Impacts on Land and Ocean
Carbon Cycles, Curr. Clim. Change Rep. 3, 1–16,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0056-z, 2017.
Malviya, S., Scalco, E., Audic, S., Vincent, F., Veluchamy, A., Poulain, J.,
Wincker, P., Iudicone, D., de Vargas, C., Bittner, L., Zingone, A., and
Bowler, C.: Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the
world's ocean, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, E1516–E1525,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509523113, 2016.
Matsui, H., Mahowald, N. M., Moteki, N., Hamilton, D. S., Ohata, S.,
Yoshida, A., Koike, M., Scanza, R. A., and Flanner, M. G.: Anthropogenic
combustion iron as a complex climate forcer, Nat. Commun., 9, 1593,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03997-0, 2018.
Meskhidze, N., Völker, C., Al-Abadleh, H. A., Barbeau, K., Bressac, M.,
Buck, C., Bundy, R. M., Croot, P., Feng, Y., Ito, A., Johansen, A. M.,
Landing, W. M., Mao, J., Myriokefalitakis, S., Ohnemus, D., Pasquier, B., and
Ye, Y.: Perspective on identifying and characterizing the processes
controlling iron speciation and residence time at the atmosphere-ocean
interface, Mar. Chem., 217, 103704, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.103704, 2019.
Moore, C. M., Mills, M. M., Arrigo, K. R., Berman-Frank, I., Bopp, L., Boyd,
P. W., Galbraith, E. D., Geider, R. J., Guieu, C., Jaccard, S. L., Jickells,
T. D., La Roche, J., Lenton, T. M., Mahowald, N. M., Marañón, E.,
Marinov, I., Moore, J. K., Nakatsuka, T., Oschlies, A., Saito, M. A.,
Thingstad, T. F., Tsuda, A., and Ulloa, O.: Processes and patterns of oceanic
nutrient limitation, Nat. Geosci., 6, 701–710, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1765,
2013.
Moore, J. K. and Doney, S. C.: Iron availability limits the ocean nitrogen
inventory stabilizing feedbacks between marine denitrification and nitrogen
fixation, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB2001,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GB002762, 2007.
Moore, J. K., Doney, S. C., Glover, D. M., and Fung, I. Y.: Iron cycling and
nutrient-limitation patterns in surface waters of the World Ocean, Deep-Sea
Res. Pt. II, 49, 463–507,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(01)00109-6, 2001.
Moore, J. K., Lindsay, K., Doney, S. C., Long, M. C., and Misumi, K.: Marine
Ecosystem Dynamics and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Community Earth System
Model [CESM1(BGC)]: Comparison of the 1990s with the 2090s under the RCP4.5
and RCP8.5 Scenarios, J. Climate, 26, 9291–9312,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00566.1, 2013.
Myriokefalitakis, S.: Atmospheric deposition fields of nutrients (N, Fe, and P), Data set, Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017209, 2020.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Vignati, E., Tsigaridis, K., Papadimas, C., Sciare,
J., Mihalopoulos, N., Facchini, M. C., Rinaldi, M., Dentener, F. J.,
Ceburnis, D., Hatzianastasiou, N., O'Dowd, C. D., van Weele, M., and
Kanakidou, M.: Global Modeling of the Oceanic Source of Organic Aerosols,
Adv. Meteorol., 2010, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/939171, 2010.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Tsigaridis, K., Mihalopoulos, N., Sciare, J., Nenes, A., Kawamura, K., Segers, A., and Kanakidou, M.: In-cloud oxalate formation in the global troposphere: a 3-D modeling study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5761–5782, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-5761-2011, 2011.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Daskalakis, N., Mihalopoulos, N., Baker, A. R., Nenes, A., and Kanakidou, M.: Changes in dissolved iron deposition to the oceans driven by human activity: a 3-D global modelling study, Biogeosciences, 12, 3973–3992, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3973-2015, 2015.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Nenes, A., Baker, A. R., Mihalopoulos, N., and Kanakidou, M.: Bioavailable atmospheric phosphorous supply to the global ocean: a 3-D global modeling study, Biogeosciences, 13, 6519–6543, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6519-2016, 2016.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Fanourgakis, G., and Kanakidou, M.: The Contribution of
Bioaerosols to the Organic Carbon Budget of the Atmosphere, in: Perspectives
on Atmospheric Sciences, edited by: Karacostas, T., Bais, A., and Nastos, P. T., Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 845–851, 2017.
Myriokefalitakis, S., Ito, A., Kanakidou, M., Nenes, A., Krol, M. C., Mahowald, N. M., Scanza, R. A., Hamilton, D. S., Johnson, M. S., Meskhidze, N., Kok, J. F., Guieu, C., Baker, A. R., Jickells, T. D., Sarin, M. M., Bikkina, S., Shelley, R., Bowie, A., Perron, M. M. G., and Duce, R. A.: Reviews and syntheses: the GESAMP atmospheric iron deposition model intercomparison study, Biogeosciences, 15, 6659–6684, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6659-2018, 2018.
Nenes, A., Krom, M. D., Mihalopoulos, N., Van Cappellen, P., Shi, Z., Bougiatioti, A., Zarmpas, P., and Herut, B.: Atmospheric acidification of mineral aerosols: a source of bioavailable phosphorus for the oceans, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6265–6272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6265-2011, 2011.
Nickovic, S., Vukovic, A., Vujadinovic, M., Djurdjevic, V., and Pejanovic, G.: Technical Note: High-resolution mineralogical database of dust-productive soils for atmospheric dust modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 845–855, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-845-2012, 2012.
Okin, G. S., Baker, A. R., Tegen, I., Mahowald, N. M., Dentener, F. J., Duce, R. A., Galloway, J. N., Hunter, K., Kanakidou, M., Kubilay, N., Prospero, J. M., Sarin, M., Surapipith, V., Uematsu, M., and Zhu, T.: Impacts of atmospheric nutrient deposition on
marine productivity: Roles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003858, 2011.
Orr, J. C., Najjar, R. G., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Bullister, J. L., Danabasoglu, G., Doney, S. C., Dunne, J. P., Dutay, J.-C., Graven, H., Griffies, S. M., John, J. G., Joos, F., Levin, I., Lindsay, K., Matear, R. J., McKinley, G. A., Mouchet, A., Oschlies, A., Romanou, A., Schlitzer, R., Tagliabue, A., Tanhua, T., and Yool, A.: Biogeochemical protocols and diagnostics for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 2169–2199, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2169-2017, 2017.
Osman, M. B., Das, S. B., Trusel, L. D., Evans, M. J., Fischer, H., Grieman,
M. M., Kipfstuhl, S., McConnell, J. R., and Saltzman, E. S.: Industrial-era
decline in subarctic Atlantic productivity, Nature, 569, 551–555,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1181-8, 2019.
Paris, R. and Desboeufs, K. V.: Effect of atmospheric organic complexation on iron-bearing dust solubility, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 4895–4905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-4895-2013, 2013.
Paris, R., Desboeufs, K. V., and Journet, E.: Variability of dust iron
solubility in atmospheric waters: Investigation of the role of oxalate
organic complexation, Atmos. Environ., 45, 6510–6517,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.068, 2011.
Prospero, J. M. and Lamb, P. J.: African Droughts and Dust Transport to the
Caribbean: Climate Change Implications, Science, 302,
1024–1027, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089915, 2003.
Rubin, M., Berman-Frank, I., and Shaked, Y.: Dust- and mineral-iron
utilization by the marine dinitrogen-fixer Trichodesmium, Nat. Geosci.,
4, 529–534, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1181, 2011.
Schneider, B., Bopp, L., Gehlen, M., Segschneider, J., Frölicher, T. L., Cadule, P., Friedlingstein, P., Doney, S. C., Behrenfeld, M. J., and Joos, F.: Climate-induced interannual variability of marine primary and export production in three global coupled climate carbon cycle models, Biogeosciences, 5, 597–614, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-597-2008, 2008.
Schulz, M., Prospero, J. M., Baker, A. R., Dentener, F., Ickes, L., Liss, P.
S., Mahowald, N. M., Nickovic, S., García-Pando, C. P., Rodríguez,
S., Sarin, M., Tegen, I., and Duce, R. A.: Atmospheric Transport and
Deposition of Mineral Dust to the Ocean: Implications for Research Needs,
Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10390–10404, https://doi.org/10.1021/es300073u, 2012.
Sein, D. V., Koldunov, N. V., Danilov, S., Sidorenko, D., Wekerle, C.,
Cabos, W., Rackow, T., Scholz, P., Semmler, T., Wang, Q., and Jung, T.: The
Relative Influence of Atmospheric and Oceanic Model Resolution on the
Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean in a Coupled Climate Model, J. Adv.
Model. Earth Syst., 10, 2026–2041, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018MS001327, 2018.
Shi, Z., Krom, M. D., Bonneville, S., Baker, A. R., Bristow, C., Drake, N.,
Mann, G., Carslaw, K., McQuaid, J. B., Jickells, T., and Benning, L. G.:
Influence of chemical weathering and aging of iron oxides on the potential
iron solubility of Saharan dust during simulated atmospheric processing,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GB003837, 2011.
Skyllas, N., Bintanja, R., Buma, A. G. J., Brussaard, C. P. D., Gröger,
M., Hieronymus, J., and van de Poll, W. H.: Validation of
Stratification-Driven Phytoplankton Biomass and Nutrient Concentrations in
the Northeast Atlantic Ocean as Simulated by EC-Earth, Geosciences, 9,
450, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9100450, 2019.
Smith, H. J.: The state of ocean CO2 uptake, Science, 363, 1187,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.363.6432.1187-b, 2019.
Steinacher, M., Joos, F., Frölicher, T. L., Bopp, L., Cadule, P., Cocco, V., Doney, S. C., Gehlen, M., Lindsay, K., Moore, J. K., Schneider, B., and Segschneider, J.: Projected 21st century decrease in marine productivity: a multi-model analysis, Biogeosciences, 7, 979–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-979-2010, 2010.
Tagliabue, A., Mtshali, T., Aumont, O., Bowie, A. R., Klunder, M. B., Roychoudhury, A. N., and Swart, S.: A global compilation of dissolved iron measurements: focus on distributions and processes in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 9, 2333–2349, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2333-2012, 2012.
Tagliabue, A., Aumont, O., and Bopp, L.: The impact of different external
sources of iron on the global carbon cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41,
920–926, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059059, 2014.
Tagliabue, A., Aumont, O., Death, R., Dunne, J. P., Dutkiewicz, S.,
Galbraith, E., Misumi, K., Moore, J. K., Ridgwell, A., Sherman, E., Stock,
C., Vichi, M., Völker, C., and Yool, A.: How well do global ocean
biogeochemistry models simulate dissolved iron distributions?, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 149–174, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005289, 2016.
Tagliabue, A., Bowie, A. R., Boyd, P. W., Buck, K. N., Johnson, K. S., and
Saito, M. A.: The integral role of iron in ocean biogeochemistry, Nature,
543, 51–59, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21058, 2017.
Tegen, I., Harrison, S. P., Kohfeld, K., Prentice, I. C., Coe, M., and
Heimann, M.: Impact of vegetation and preferential source areas on global
dust aerosol: Results from a model study, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107,
AAC 14-1–AAC 14-27, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000963, 2002.
Tsigaridis, K., Krol, M., Dentener, F. J., Balkanski, Y., Lathière, J., Metzger, S., Hauglustaine, D. A., and Kanakidou, M.: Change in global aerosol composition since preindustrial times, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 5143–5162, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-5143-2006, 2006.
Uitz, J., Claustre, H., Gentili, B., and Stramski, D.: Phytoplankton
class-specific primary production in the world's oceans: Seasonal and
interannual variability from satellite observations, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 24, GB3016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003680, 2010.
van Vuuren, D. P., Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Thomson, A.,
Hibbard, K., Hurtt, G. C., Kram, T., Krey, V., Lamarque, J.-F., Masui, T.,
Meinshausen, M., Nakicenovic, N., Smith, S. J., Rose, S. K., Vuuren, D. P.
Van, Edmonds, J., Kainuma, M., Riahi, K., Nakicenovic, N., Smith, S. J., and
Rose, S. K.: The representative concentration pathways: an overview, Climatic
Change, 109, 5–31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0148-z, 2011.
Wang, R., Balkanski, Y., Boucher, O., Ciais, P., Peñuelas, J., and Tao,
S.: Significant contribution of combustion-related emissions to the
atmospheric phosphorus budget, Nat. Geosci., 8, 48–54,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2324, 2014.
Wang, R., Balkanski, Y., Bopp, L., Aumont, O., Boucher, O., Ciais, P.,
Gehlen, M., Peñuelas, J., Ethé, C., Hauglustaine, D., Li, B., Liu,
J., Zhou, F., and Tao, S.: Influence of anthropogenic aerosol deposition on
the relationship between oceanic productivity and warming, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 42, 10745–10754, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066753, 2015a.
Wang, R., Balkanski, Y., Boucher, O., Bopp, L., Chappell, A., Ciais, P., Hauglustaine, D., Peñuelas, J., and Tao, S.: Sources, transport and deposition of iron in the global atmosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6247–6270, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6247-2015, 2015b.
Wang, W.-L., Moore, J. K., Martiny, A. C., and Primeau, F. W.: Convergent
estimates of marine nitrogen fixation, Nature, 566, 205–211,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0911-2, 2019.
Wanninkhof, R.: Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the
ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7373, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC00188, 1992.
Weber, R. J., Guo, H., Russell, A. G., and Nenes, A.: High aerosol acidity
despite declining atmospheric sulfate concentrations over the past 15 years,
Nat. Geosci., 9, 282–285, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2665, 2016.
Wrightson, L. and Tagliabue, A.: Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change on
Marine Diazotrophy: Insights From Earth System Models, Front. Mar. Sci., 7,
635, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00635, 2020.
Zweng, M., Reagan, J. R., Antonov, J. I., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A.
V., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Johnson, D. R., Seidov, D.,
and Biddle, M. M.: World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 2: Salinity, edited by:
Levitus, S. and Technical, A. M., p. 39, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 74., 2013.
Short summary
Global inorganic and organic nutrient deposition fields are coupled to PISCES to investigate their effect on ocean biogeochemistry. Pre-industrial deposition fluxes are lower compared to the present day, resulting in lower oceanic productivity. Future changes result in a modest decrease in the nutrients put into the global ocean. This work provides a first assessment of the atmospheric organic nutrients' contribution, highlighting the importance of their representation in biogeochemistry models.
Global inorganic and organic nutrient deposition fields are coupled to PISCES to investigate...
