Articles | Volume 15, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1177-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-15-1177-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 06 Sep 2019
| 06 Sep 2019
Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in the East China Sea and the northwest Pacific Ocean
Ling Ding
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry
of Education, Ocean University of China,
Qingdao, 266100, China
Tiantian Ge
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry
of Education, Ocean University of China,
Qingdao, 266100, China
Xuchen Wang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry
of Education, Ocean University of China,
Qingdao, 266100, China
Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National
Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266061, China
Related authors
No articles found.
Linsen Dong, Yanguang Liu, Xuefa Shi, Leonid Polyak, Yuanhui Huang, Xisheng Fang, Jianxing Liu, Jianjun Zou, Kunshan Wang, Fuqiang Sun, and Xuchen Wang
Clim. Past, 13, 511–531, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-511-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-511-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In this manuscript, we present the results of our study conducted for a sediment core (ARC4-BN05) collected in the Arctic Ocean. Detailed examination of clay and bulk mineralogy along with grain size, content of Ca and Mn, and planktonic foraminiferal numbers in core ARC4–BN05 provides important new information about sedimentary environments and provenance. Based on these proxies, we try to reveal late to middle Pleistocene glacial history.
Cited articles
Azam, F., Fenchel, T., Field, J. G., Gray, J., Meyer-Reil, L., and
Thingstad, F.: The ecological role of water-column microbes in the sea, Mar.
Ecol Prog Ser., 20, 257–263, 1983.
Bauer, J. E. and Bianchi, T. S.: Dissolved organic carbon cycling and
transformation, in: Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, edited by:
Wolanski, E. and McLusky, D., Academic Press, Waltham, 2011.
Bauer, J. E., Williams, P. M., and Druffel, E. R. M.: 14C activity of
dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north-central Pacific and Sargasso
Sea, Nature, 357, 667–670, 1992.
Bauer, J. E., Cai, W.-J., Raymond, P. A., Bianchi, T. S., Hopkinson, C. S.,
and Regnier, P. A. G.: The changing carbon cycle of the coastal ocean,
Nature, 504, 61–70, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12857, 2013.
Bercovici, S. K. and Hansell, D. A.: Dissolved organic carbon in the deep
Southern Ocean: Local versus distant controls, Global Biogeochem. Cy.,
30, 350–360, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005252, 2016.
Carlson, C. A., Ducklow, H. W., and Michaels, A. F.: Annual flux of dissolved
organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea,
Nature, 371, 405–408, https://doi.org/10.1038/371405a0, 1994.
Carlson, C. A., Ducklow, H. W., Hansell, D. A., and Smith, W. O.: Organic
carbon partitioning during spring phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea
polynya and the Sargasso Sea, Limnol. Oceanogr., 43, 375–386,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.3.0375, 1998.
Carlson, C. A., Hansell, D. A., Nelson, N. B., Siegel, D. A., Smethie, W.
M., Khatiwala, S., Meyers, M. M., and Halewood, E.: Dissolved organic carbon
export and subsequent remineralization in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic
realms of the North Atlantic basin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 57, 1433–1445,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.02.013, 2010.
Catalá, T. S., Reche, I., Álvarez, M., Khatiwala, S., Guallart, E.
F., Benítez-Barrios, V. M., Fuentes-Lema, A., Romera-Castillo, C.,
Nieto-Cid, M., Pelejero, C., Fraile-Nuez, E., Ortega-Retuerta, E.,
Marrasé, C., and Álvarez-Salgado, X. A.: Water mass age and aging
driving chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the dark global ocean,
Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 917–934, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB005048,
2015a.
Catalá, T. S., Reche, I., Fuentes-Lema, A., Romera-Castillo, C.,
Nieto-Cid, M., Ortega-Retuerta, E., Calvo, E., Álvarez, M., Marrasé,
C., Stedmon, C. A., and Álvarez-Salgado, X. A.: Turnover time of
fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the dark global ocean, Nat. Commun.,
6, 5986, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms6986, 2015b.
Chen, C.-T. A. and Wang, S.-L.: Carbon, alkalinity and nutrient budgets on
the East China Sea continental shelf, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 104,
20675–20686, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc900055, 1999.
Dai, M., Meng, F., Tang, T., Kao, S.-J., Lin, J., Chen, J., Huang, J.-C.,
Tian, J., Gan, J., and Yang, S.: Excess total organic carbon in the
intermediate water of the South China Sea and its export to the North
Pacific, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q12002,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GC002752, 2009.
Ding, L., Ge, T., Gao, H., Luo, C., Xue, Y., Druffel, E. R. M., and Wang, X.:
Large variability of dissolved inorganic radiocarbon in the Kuroshio
Extension of the northwest North Pacific, Radiocarbon, 60, 691–704,
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2017.143, 2018.
Doval, M. D. and Hansell, D. A.: Organic carbon and apparent oxygen
utilization in the western South Pacific and the central Indian Oceans, Mar.
Chem., 68, 249–264, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(99)00081-X, 2000.
Druffel, E. R., Williams, P. M., Bauer, J. E., and Ertel, J. R.: Cycling of
dissolved and particulate organic matter in the open ocean, J. Geophys.
Res., 97, 15639–15659, 1992.
Druffel, E. R. M. and Griffin, S.: Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon
of the South Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 4096–4101,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063764, 2015.
Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Coppola, A. I., and Walker, B. D.:
Radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon of the Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 43, 5279–5286, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068746, 2016.
Druffel, E. R. M., Griffin, S., Wang, N., Garcia, N. G., McNichol, A. P.,
Key, R. M., and Walker, B. D.: Dissolved organic radiocarbon in the Central
Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 46, 5396–5403,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083149, 2019.
Fassbender, A. J., Sabine, C. L., Cronin, M. F., and Sutton, A. J.:
Mixed-layer carbon cycling at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 272–288, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005547, 2017.
Fenchel, T.: The microbial loop-25 years later, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol.,
366, 99–103, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2008.07.013, 2008.
Follett, C. L., Repeta, D. J., Rothman, D. H., Xu, L., and Santinelli, C.:
Hidden cycle of dissolved organic carbon in the deep ocean, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA., 111, 16706–16711, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407445111,
2014.
Gan, S., Wu, Y., and Zhang, J.: Bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon
linked with the regional carbon cycle in the East China Sea, Deep-Sea Res.
Pt. II, 124, 19–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.06.024, 2016.
Ge, T., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Luo, C., and Xue, Y.: Dissolved inorganic
radiocarbon in the Northwest Pacific continental margin, Radiocarbon, 58,
517–529, https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.23, 2016.
Gong, G.-C., Wen, Y.-H., Wang, B.-W., and Liu, G.-J.: Seasonal variation of
chlorophyll a concentration, primary production and environmental conditions
in the subtropical East China Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 1219–1236,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00019-5, 2003.
Guo, L., Santschi, P. H., and Warnken, K. W.: Dynamics of dissolved organic
carbon (DOC) in oceanic environments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40, 1392–1403,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.8.1392, 1995.
Guo, X., Miyazawa, Y., and Yamagata, T.: The Kuroshio onshore intrusion along
the shelf break of the East China Sea: The origin of the Tsushima Warm
Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 2205–2231,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2976.1, 2006.
Hansell, D. A. and Waterhouse, T. Y.: Controls on the distributions of
organic carbon and nitrogen in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.
I, 44, 843–857, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00128-8, 1997.
Hansell, D. A. and Peltzer, E. T.: Spatial and temporal variations of total
organic carbon in the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 45, 2171–2193,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00067-8, 1998.
Hansell, D. A. and Carlson, C. A.: Deep-ocean gradients in the concentration
of dissolved organic carbon, Nature, 395, 263–266,
https://doi.org/10.1038/26200, 1998.
Hansell, D. A. and Carlson, C. A.: Marine dissolved organic matter and the
carbon cycle, Oceanography, 14, 41–49, 2001.
Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., and Suzuki, Y.: Dissolved organic carbon
export with North Pacific Intermediate Water formation, Global Biogeochem.
Cy., 16, 1007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001361, 2002.
Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., Repeta, D. J., and Schlitzer, R.: Dissolved
organic matter in the ocean: A controversy stimulates new insights,
Oceanography, 22, 202–211, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.109, 2009.
Hansell, D. A., Carlson, C. A., and Schlitzer, R.: Net removal of major
marine dissolved organic carbon fractions in the subsurface ocean, Global
Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB1016, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004069, 2012.
Hsueh, Y.: The Kuroshio in the East China Sea, J. Mar. Syst., 24, 131–139,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(99)00083-4, 2000.
Hu, D., Wu, L., Cai, W., Gupta, A. S., Ganachaud, A., Qiu, B., Gordon, A.
L., Lin, X., Chen, Z., Hu, S., Wang, G., Wang, Q., Sprintall, J., Qu, T.,
Kashino, Y., Wang, F., and Kessler, W. S.: Pacific western boundary currents
and their roles in climate, Nature, 522, 299–308,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14504, 2015.
Hung, J. J., Chen, C. H., Gong, G. C., Sheu, D. D., and Shiah, F. K.:
Distributions, stoichiometric patterns and cross-shelf exports of dissolved
organic matter in the East China Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 1127–1145,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00014-6, 2003.
Hung, J. J., Wang, S. M., and Chen, Y. L.: Biogeochemical controls on
distributions and fluxes of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in the
Northern South China Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 54, 1486–1503,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.05.006, 2007.
Ma, X., Zhao, J., Chang, P., Liu, X., Montuoro, R., Small, R. J., Bryan, F.
O., Greatbatch, R. J., Brandt, P., Wu, D., Lin, X., and Wu, L.: Western
boundary currents regulated by interaction between ocean eddies and the
atmosphere, Nature, 535, 533–537, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature18640, 2016.
McNichol, A. P., Jones, G. A., Hutton, D. L., Gagnon, A. R., and Key, R. M.:
The rapid preparation of seawater ∑CO2 for radiocarbon analysis at the
National Ocean Sciences AMS Facility, Radiocarbon, 36, 237–246, 1994.
Nelson, C. E. and Carlson, C. A.: Tracking differential incorporation of
dissolved organic carbon types among diverse lineages of Sargasso Sea
bacterioplankton, Environ. Microbiol., 14, 1500–1516,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02738.x, 2012.
Nishibe, Y., Takahashi, K., Shiozaki, T., Kakehi, S., Saito, H., and Furuya,
K.: Size-fractionated primary production in the Kuroshio Extension and
adjacent regions in spring, J Oceanogr., 71, 27–40, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-014-0258-0, 2015.
Nishibe, Y., Takahashi, K., Sato, M., Kodama, T., Kakehi, S., Saito, H., and
Furuya, K.: Phytoplankton community structure, as derived from pigment
signatures, in the Kuroshio Extension and adjacent regions in winter and
spring, J. Oceanogr., 73, 463–478, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-017-0415-3,
2017.
Nishikawa, H., Yasuda, I., and Itoh, S.: Impact of winter-to-spring
environmental variability along the Kuroshio jet on the recruitment of
Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus), Fish. Oceanogr., 20, 570–582,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2011.00603.x, 2011.
Ogawa, H. and Tanoue, E.: Dissolved Organic Matter in oceanic waters, J.
Oceanogr., 59, 129–147, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025528919771, 2003.
Ogawa, H., Fukuda, R., and Koike, I.: Vertical distributions of dissolved
organic carbon and nitrogen in the Southern Ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46,
1809–1826, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(99)00027-8, 1999.
Ogawa, H., Usui, T., and Koike, I.: Distribution of dissolved organic carbon
in the East China Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 50, 353–366,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00459-9, 2003.
Qiu, B.: Kuroshio and Oyashio currents, in: Encyclopedia of Ocean Science,
edited by: Steele, J. H., Turekian, K. K., and Thorpe, S. A., 1413–1425,
Academic Press, San Diego, 2001.
Qiu, B. and Chen, S.: Variability of the Kuroshio Extension Jet,
recirculation gyre, and mesoscale eddies on decadal time scales, J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 35, 2090–2103, https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo2807.1, 2005.
Qiu, B. and Chen, S.: Effect of decadal Kuroshio Extension Jet and eddy
variability on the modification of North Pacific Intermediate Water, J.
Phys. Oceanogr., 41, 503–515, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JPO4575.1, 2011.
Riedel, T. and Dittmar, T.: A method detection limit for the analysis of
natural organic matter via Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass
Spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 86, 8376–8382, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac501946m,
2014.
Sharp, J. H., Benner, R., Bennett, L., Carlson, C. A., Fitzwater, S. E.,
Peltzer, E. T., and Tupas, L. M.: Analyses of dissolved organic carbon in
seawater: the JGOFS EqPac methods comparison, Mar. Chem., 48, 91–108,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(94)00040-K, 1995.
Sharp, J. H., Carlson, C. A., Peltzer, E. T., Castle-Ward, D. M., Savidge,
K. B., and Rinker, K. R.: Final dissolved organic carbon broad community
intercalibration and preliminary use of DOC reference materials, Mar. Chem.,
77, 239–253, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(02)00002-6, 2002.
Stuiver, M. and Polach, H. A.: Discussion reporting of 14C data,
Radiocarbon, 19, 355–363, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200003672, 1977.
Talley, L. D.: North Pacific Intermediate Water transports in the mixed
water region, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1795–1803,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1795:npiwti>2.0.co;2, 1997.
Tsunogai, S., Ono, T., and Watanabe, S.: Increase in total carbonate in the
western North Pacific water and a hypothesis on the missing sink of
anthropogenic carbon, J Oceanogr., 49, 305–315, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02269568, 1993.
Wang, X., Ma, H., Li, R., Song, Z., and Wu, J.: Seasonal fluxes and source
variation of organic carbon transported by two major Chinese Rivers: The
Yellow River and Changjiang (Yangtze) River, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26,
GB2025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004130, 2012.
Ward, N. D., Bianchi, T. S., Medeiros, P. M., Seidel, M., Richey, J. E.,
Keil, R. G., and Sawakuchi, H. O.: Where carbon goes when water flows: Carbon
cycling across the aquatic continuum, Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 7,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00007, 2017.
Wong, G. T. F., Tseng, C.-M., Wen, L.-S., and Chung, S.-W.: Nutrient dynamics
and N-anomaly at the SEATS station, Deep-Sea Res. Part II, 54, 1528–1545,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.05.011, 2007.
Wu, L., Cai, W., Zhang, L., Nakamura, H., Timmermann, A., Joyce, T.,
McPhaden, M. J., Alexander, M., Qiu, B., Visbeck, M., Chang, P., and Giese,
B.: Enhanced warming over the global subtropical western boundary currents,
Nat. Clim. Change, 2, 161–166, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1353, 2012.
Wu, K., Dai, M., Li, X., Meng, F., Chen, J., and Lin, J.: Dynamics and
production of dissolved organic carbon in a large continental shelf system
under the influence of both river plume and coastal upwelling, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 62, 973–988, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10479, 2017.
Xu, C., Xue, Y., Qi, Y., and Wang, X.: Quantities and fluxes of dissolved and
particulate black carbon in the Changjiang and Huanghe Rivers, China, Estuar.
Coast., 39, 1617–1625, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0122-0, 2016.
Xue, Y., Zou, L., Ge, T., and Wang, X.: Mobilization and export of
millennial-aged organic carbon by the Yellow River, Limnol. Oceanogr., 62,
95–111, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10579, 2017.
Yang, D., Yin, B., Liu, Z., and Feng, X.: Numerical study of the ocean
circulation on the East China Sea shelf and a Kuroshio bottom branch
northeast of Taiwan in summer, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 116, C05015,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JC006777, 2011.
Yang, D., Yin, B., Liu, Z., Bai, T., Qi, J., and Chen, H.: Numerical study on
the pattern and origins of Kuroshio branches in the bottom water of southern
East China Sea in summer, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 117, C02014,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007528, 2012.
Yasuda, I.: Hydrographic structure and variability in the Kuroshio-Oyashio
transition area, J. Oceanogr., 59, 389–402,
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025580313836, 2003.
Yasuda, I., Okuda, K., and Shimizu, Y.: Distribution and modification of
North Pacific Intermediate Water in the Kuroshio-Oyashio interfrontal zone,
J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 448–465, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<0448:damonp>2.0.co;2, 1996.
Yasunaka, S., Nojiri, Y., Nakaoka, S.-i., Ono, T., Mukai, H., and Usui, N.:
Monthly maps of sea surface dissolved inorganic carbon in the North Pacific:
Basin-wide distribution and seasonal variation, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
118, 3843–3850, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20279, 2013.
Yasunaka, S., Nojiri, Y., Nakaoka, S.-I., Ono, T., Whitney, F. A., and
Telszewski, M.: Mapping of sea surface nutrients in the North Pacific:
Basin-wide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 119, 7756–7771, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JC010318, 2014.
Short summary
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest OC pool in the ocean. Its dynamics are largely influenced by hydrodynamic mixing of different water masses in the East China Sea and Kuroshio Extension. Water from Kuroshio intrusion could dilute DOC in the shelf break of the ECS, and spatial variations of DOC in upper 700 m in the KE were mainly influenced by mixing of the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents. The study provides updated and useful information for understanding DOC cycles in the ECS and KE.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the largest OC pool in the ocean. Its dynamics are largely...
