Articles | Volume 14, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-813-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Transport of FNPP1-derived radiocaesium from subtropical mode water in the western North Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan
Yayoi Inomata
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa, 920-1156, Japan
Michio Aoyama
Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University,
Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
Yasunori Hamajima
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa, 920-1156, Japan
Masatoshi Yamada
Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University,
Hirosaki, 036-8564, Japan
Related authors
Yayoi Inomata and Michio Aoyama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1969–2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The behavior of 137Cs in surface seawater in the global ocean was analyzed by using the HAMGlobal2021 database. Approximately 32 % of 137Cs existed in the surface seawater in 1970. The 137Cs released into the North Pacific Ocean by large-scale nuclear weapons tests was transported to the Indian Ocean and then the Atlantic Ocean on a 4–5 decadal timescale, whereas 137Cs released from nuclear reprocessing plants was transported northward to the Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Pradeep Khatri, Atsushi Shimizu, Hitoshi Irie, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2235–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares performance of aerosol representation methods of the Japan Meteorological Agency's regional-scale nonhydrostatic meteorology–chemistry model (NHM-Chem). It indicates separate treatment of sea salt and dust in coarse mode and that of light-absorptive and non-absorptive particles in fine mode could provide accurate assessments on aerosol feedback processes.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Yayoi Inomata and Michio Aoyama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1969–2007, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1969-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The behavior of 137Cs in surface seawater in the global ocean was analyzed by using the HAMGlobal2021 database. Approximately 32 % of 137Cs existed in the surface seawater in 1970. The 137Cs released into the North Pacific Ocean by large-scale nuclear weapons tests was transported to the Indian Ocean and then the Atlantic Ocean on a 4–5 decadal timescale, whereas 137Cs released from nuclear reprocessing plants was transported northward to the Arctic Ocean on a decadal scale.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Pradeep Khatri, Atsushi Shimizu, Hitoshi Irie, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 2235–2264, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2235-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study compares performance of aerosol representation methods of the Japan Meteorological Agency's regional-scale nonhydrostatic meteorology–chemistry model (NHM-Chem). It indicates separate treatment of sea salt and dust in coarse mode and that of light-absorptive and non-absorptive particles in fine mode could provide accurate assessments on aerosol feedback processes.
Michio Aoyama, Sabine Charmasson, Yasunori Hamajima, Celine Duffa, Daisuke Tsumune, and Yutaka Tateda
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-10, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-10, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Results of observations of the 3H activity concentrations at Fukushima coast showed the large effect of 3H flux through the rivers to coastal waters. The 3H activity concentration close to Fukushima accident site was significantly high compared to the 3H activity concentration in surrounding waters both north and south of the FNPP1 site and in river waters. The 3H/137Cs activity ratios in coastal waters were 1.2–2.2, which is significantly high compared to that observed just after the accident.
Michio Aoyama, Sabine Charmasson, Yasunori Hamajima, and Celine Duffa
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-491, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
Our results showed that the dissolved radiocaesium activities were generally higher at coastal sites and decreased with distance from shore. The portion of particulate 137Cs to the total 137Cs ranged from 0.13 to 0.96.
The ratio of 137Cs to 134Cs activity in organic particles did not change with distance from shore and generally remained around 1.
The 137Cs / 134Cs activity ratio in seawater was estimated to be 1.074 ± 0.015 which was in good agreement with the ratio of 1.06 in core unit 1.
Michio Aoyama
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 487–499, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A global nutrient gridded dataset that might be the basis for studies of more accurate spatial distributions of nutrients and their changes in the global ocean was created. This is an SI-traceable dataset of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentrations based on certified reference materials or reference materials (CRMs/RMs) of seawater nutrient concentration measurements used during many cruises by the author.
Mizuo Kajino, Makoto Deushi, Tsuyoshi Thomas Sekiyama, Naga Oshima, Keiya Yumimoto, Taichu Yasumichi Tanaka, Joseph Ching, Akihiro Hashimoto, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Masaaki Ikegami, Akane Kamada, Makoto Miyashita, Yayoi Inomata, Shin-ichiro Shima, Kouji Adachi, Yuji Zaizen, Yasuhito Igarashi, Hiromasa Ueda, Takashi Maki, and Masao Mikami
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-128, 2018
Revised manuscript not accepted
Shigeto Nishino, Takashi Kikuchi, Amane Fujiwara, Toru Hirawake, and Michio Aoyama
Biogeosciences, 13, 2563–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2563-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2563-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed mooring and ship-based data obtained from a biological hotspot in the southern Chukchi Sea. Mooring data were collected for the first time in this site and were captured during spring and autumn blooms with high chlorophyll a concentrations. The data suggest that a dome-like structure of the bottom water and nutrient regeneration at the bottom play important roles in maintaining the autumn bloom of the biological hotspot.
D. Tsumune, T. Tsubono, M. Aoyama, M. Uematsu, K. Misumi, Y. Maeda, Y. Yoshida, and H. Hayami
Biogeosciences, 10, 5601–5617, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, 2013
P. P. Povinec, M. Aoyama, D. Biddulph, R. Breier, K. Buesseler, C. C. Chang, R. Golser, X. L. Hou, M. Ješkovský, A. J. T. Jull, J. Kaizer, M. Nakano, H. Nies, L. Palcsu, L. Papp, M. K. Pham, P. Steier, and L. Y. Zhang
Biogeosciences, 10, 5481–5496, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5481-2013, 2013
M. Aoyama, M. Uematsu, D. Tsumune, and Y. Hamajima
Biogeosciences, 10, 3067–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Aoyama, M.: Oceans and Seas, in: Radionuclides in the Environment, Jon Willey
& Sons, West Sussex, UK, 339–345, 2010.
Aoyama, M. and Hirose, K.: Artificial Radionuclides database in the Pacific
Ocean: HAM database, Sci. World J., 4, 200–215, 2004.
Aoyama, M. and Hirose, K: Radiometric determination of anthropogenic
radionuclides in seawater, in: Radioactivity in the Environment, 11,
Elsevier, Oxford, UK, 137–162, 2008.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., and Igarashi, Y.: Re-construction and updating our
understanding on the global weapons tests 137Cs fallout, J. Environ.
Monit., 8, 431–438, 2006.
Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Nemoto, K., Takatsuki, Y., and Tsumune D.: Water
masses labeled with global fallout 137Cs formed by subduction in the
North Pacific, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L01604, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL031964,
2008.
Aoyama, M., Tsumune, D., and Hamajima, Y.: Distribution of 137Cs and
134Cs in the North Pacific Ocean: impacts of the TEPCO Fukushima-Daiichi
NPP accident, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch., 296, 535–539, 2013a.
Aoyama, M., Uematsu, M., Tsumune, D., and Hamajima, Y.: Surface pathway of
radioactive plume of TEPCO Fukushima NPP1 released 134Cs and 137Cs,
Biogeosciences, 10, 3067–3078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3067-2013, 2013b.
Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Hult, M., Uematsu, M., Oka, E., Tsumune, D., and
Kumamoto, Y.: 134Cs and 137Cs in the North Pacific Ocean derived
from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident,
Japan. Part one: surface pathway and vertical distributions, J. Oceanogr.,
72, 53–65, 2016a.
Aoyama, M., Kajino, M., Tanaka, T. Y., Sekiyama, T. T., Tsumune, D., Tsubono,
T., Hamajima, Y., Inomata, and Y., Gamo.: 134Cs and 137Cs in the
North Pacific Ocean derived from the March 2011 TEPCO Fukushima Dai-ichi
Nuclear Power Plant accident, Japan. Part two: estimation of 134Cs and
137Cs inventories in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Oceanogr., 72, 67–76,
2016b.
Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Inomata, Y., and Oka, E.: Recirculation of
FNPP1-derived radiocaesium observed in winter 2015/2016 in coastal regions of
Japan, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 126, 83–87, 2017.
Buesseler, K., Aoyama, M., and Fukasawa, M.: Impacts of Fukushima Nuclear
Power Plants on Marine Radioactivity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 9931–9935,
2011.
Buesseler, K., Dai, M., Aoyama, M., Benitez-Nelson, C., Charmasson, S.,
Higley, K., Maderich, V., Masque, P., Oughton, D., and Smith, J. N.:
Fukushima Daiichi-Derived Radionuclides in the Ocean: Transport, Fate, and
Impacts, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9, 1–31, 2016.
Budyansky, M. V., Goryachev, V. A., Kaplunenko, D. D., Lobanov, V. B.,
Prants, S. V., Sergeev, A. F., Shlyk, N. V., and Uleysky, M. Y.: Role of
mesoscale eddies in transport of Fukushima-derived cesium isotopes in the
ocean, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 96, 15–27, 2015.
Fukudome, K., Yoon, J.-H., Ostrovskii, A., Takikawa, T., and Han, I.-S.:
Seasonal volume transport variation in the Tsushima warm current through the
Tsushima Straits from 10 Years of ADCP Observations, J. Oceanogr., 66,
539–551, 2010.
Hamajima, Y. and Komura, K.: Background components of Ge detectors in Ogoya
underground laboratory, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 61, 179–183, 2004.
Han, S., Hirose, N., Usui, N., and Miyazawa, Y.: Multi-model ensemble
estimation of volume transport through the straits of the East/Japan Sea,
Ocean Dynam., 66, 59–76, 2016.
Hirose, K.: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident: Atmospheric and oceanic
impacts over the five years, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 157, 113–130, 2016.
Honda, M. C., Aono, T., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Kawakami, H., Kitamura, M.,
Masumoto, Y., Miyazawa, Y., Takigawa, M., and Saino, T.: Dispersion of
artificial caesium-134 and-137 in the western North Pacific one month after
the Fukushima accident, Geochem. J., 46, e1–e9, 2012.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., and Hirose, K.: Record of surface 137Cs
concentrations in the global ocean using the HAM-global database, J.
Environ. Monit., 11, 116–125, 2009.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., Tsumune, D., Motoi, T., and Nakano, H.: Optimum
interpolation analysis of basin-scale 137Cs transport in surface
sweater in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Environ. Monit., 14, 3146–3155,
2012.
Inomata, Y., Aoyama, M., Tsubono, T., Tsumune, D., and Hirose, K.: Spatial
and temporal distributions of 134Cs and 137Cs derived from the
TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in the North Pacific
Ocean by using optimal interpolation analysis, Environ. Sci., 18, 126–136,
2016.
Inoue, M., Kofuji, H., Nagao, S., Yamamoto, M., Hamajima, Y., Yoshida, K.,
Fujimoto, K., Takada, T., and Isoda, Y.: Lateral variation of 134Cs and
137Cs concentrations in surface seawater in and around the Japan Sea
after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, J. Environ.
Radioactiv., 109, 45–51, 2012.
Kaeriyama, H., Ambe, D., Shimizu, Y., Fujimoto, K., Ono, T., Yonezaki, S.,
Kato, Y., Matsunaga, H., Minami, H., Nakatsuka, S., and Watanabe, T.: Direct
observation of 134Cs and 137Cs in surface seawater in the western
and central North Pacific after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant
accident, Biogeosciences, 10, 4287–4295,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4287-2013, 2013.
Kaeriyama, H., Shimizu, Y., Ambe, D., Masujima, M., Shigenobu, Y., Fujimoto,
K., Ono, T., Nishiuchi, K., Taneda, T., and Kurogi, H.: Southwest intrusion
of 134Cs and 137Cs derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant accident in the Western North Pacific, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
48, 3120–3127, 2014.
Kaeriyama, H., Shimizu, Y., Setou, T., Kumamoto, Y., Okazaki, M., Ambe, D.,
and Ono, T.: Intrusion of Fukushima-derived radiocaesium into subsurface
water due to formation of mode waters in the North Pacific, Sci. Rep., 6,
22010, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22010, 2016.
Kamidaira, Y., Uchiyama, Y., Kawamura, H., Kobayashi, T., and Furuno, A.:
Submesoscale Mixing on Initial Dilution of Radionuclides Released From the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, J. Geophys. Res., 123, 2808–2828,
2018.
Kodama, T., Igeta, Y., Kuga, M., and Abe, S.: Long-term decrease in phosphate
concentrations in the surface layer of the southern Japan Sea, J. Geophys.
Res., 121, 7845–7856, 2016.
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety: Marine Environmental Radioactivity Survey,
available at: http://clean.kins.re.kr/info/in03_rept_list.jsp (last
access: 17 August 2018), 2011 (in Korean).
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety: Marine Environmental Radioactivity Survey,
available at: http://clean.kins.re.kr/info/in03_rept_list.jsp (last
access: 17 August 2018), 2012 (in Korean).
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety: Marine Environmental Radioactivity Survey,
available at: http://clean.kins.re.kr/info/in03_rept_list.jsp (last
access: 17 August 2018), 2013 (in Korean).
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety: Marine Environmental Radioactivity Survey,
available at: http://clean.kins.re.kr/info/in03_rept_list.jsp (last
access: 17 August 2018), 2014 (in Korean).
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety: Marine Environmental Radioactivity Survey,
available at: http://clean.kins.re.kr/info/in03_rept_list.jsp (last
access: 17 August 2018), 2015 (in Korean).
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety: Marine Environmental Radioactivity Survey,
available at: http://clean.kins.re.kr/info/in03_rept_list.jsp (last
access: 17 August 2018), 2016 (in Korean).
Kumamoto, Y., Murata, A., Kawano, T., and Aoyama, M.: Fukushima-derived
radiocesium in the northwestern Pacific Ocean in February 2012, Appl. Radiat.
Isot., 81, 335–339, 2013.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Aono, T., Kouketsu, S., Murata, A.,
and Kawano, T.: Southward spreading of the Fukushima-derived radiocesium
across the Kuroshio Extension in the North Pacific, Sci. Rep., 4, 4276,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04276, 2014.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Murata, and A., and Kawano, T.:
Impact of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the western North Pacific Ocean
about ten month after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident, J.
Environ. Radioactiv., 140, 114–122, 2015.
Kumamoto, Y., Aoyama, M., Hamajima, Y., Nagai, H., Yamagata, T., Kawai, Y.,
Oka, E., Yamaguchi, A., Imai, K., and Murata, A.: Fukushima-derived
radiocesium in the western North Pacific in 2014, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch.,
311, 1209–1217, 2017.
Marine Ecology Research Institute: Radiation level survey in marine
organizations and their environment, available at:
http://www.kaiseiken.or.jp/publish/itaku/itakuseika.html (last access:
17 August 2018), 2011 (in Japanese).
Marine Ecology Research Institute: Radiation level survey in marine
organizations and their environment, available at:
http://www.kaiseiken.or.jp/publish/itaku/itakuseika.html (last access:
17 August 2018), 2012 (in Japanese).
Marine Ecology Research Institute: Radiation level survey in marine
organizations and their environment, available at:
http://www.kaiseiken.or.jp/publish/itaku/itakuseika.html (last access:
17 August 2018), 2013 (in Japanese).
Marine Ecology Research Institute: Radiation level survey in marine
organizations and their environment, available at:
http://www.kaiseiken.or.jp/publish/itaku/itakuseika.html (last access:
17 August 2018), 2014 (in Japanese).
Marine Ecology Research Institute: Radiation level survey in marine
organizations and their environment, available at:
http://www.kaiseiken.or.jp/publish/itaku/itakuseika.html (last access:
17 August 2018), 2015 (in Japanese).
Marine Ecology Research Institute: Radiation level survey in marine
organizations and their environment, available at:
http://www.kaiseiken.or.jp/publish/itaku/itakuseika.html (last access:
17 August 2018), 2016 (in Japanese).
Menard, H. W. and Smith, M.: Hypsometry of ocean basin provinces, J. Geophys.
Res., 71, 4305–4325, 1966.
Masuzawa, J.: Subtropical Mode Water, Deep-Sea Res., 16, 463–472, 1969.
Miyao, T., Hirose, K., Aoyama, M., and Igarashi, Y.: Temporal Variation of
137Cs and 239,240Pu in the Sea of Japan, J. Environ. Radioactiv.,
40, 239–250, 1998.
Nishida, Y., Kanomata, I., Tanaka, I., Sato, S., Takahashi, S., and
Matsubara, H.: Seasonal and interannual variations of the volume transport
through the Tsugaru Strait, Oceanography in Japan, 12, 487–499, 2003.
Oka, E.: Seasonal and interannual variation of North Pacific Subtropical
Mode Water in 2003–2006, J. Ocenogr., 65, 151–164, 2009.
Oka, E. and Qiu, B.: Progress of North Pacific mode water research in the
past decade, J. Oceanogr., 68, 5–20, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-011-0032-5, 2012.
Oka, E., Qiu, B., Kouketsu, S., Uehara, K., and Suga, T.: Decadal seesaw of
the Central and Subtropical Mode Water formation associated with the Kuroshio
Extension variability, J. Oceanogr., 68, 355–360, 2012.
Prants, S. V., Ponomarev, V. I., Budyansky, M. V., Yu, M., Uleysky, M. Yu.,
and Fyman, P. A.: Lagrangian analysis of the vertical structure of eddies
simulated in the Japan Basin of the Japan/East Sea, Ocean Modell., 86,
128–140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2014.12.010, 2015.
Rossi, V., Van Sebille, E., Sen Gupta, A., Garçon, V., and England, M.
H.: Multi-decadal projections of surface and interior pathways of the
Fukushima Cesium-137 radioactive plume, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 80, 37–46,
2013.
Tsubono, T., Misumi, K., Tsumune, D., Bryan, F.O., Hirose, K., and Aoyama,
M.: Evaluation of radioactive cesium impact from atmospheric deposition and
direct release fluxes into the North Pacific from the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear power plant, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 115, 10–21, 2016.
Tsumune, D., Tsubono, T., Aoyama, M., and Hirose, K.: Distribution of
oceanic 137Cs from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant simulated
numerically by a regional ocean model, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 111,
100–108, 2012.
Tsumune, D., Tsubono, T., Aoyama, M., Uematsu, M., Misumi, K., Maeda, Y.,
Yoshida, Y., and Hayami, H.: One-year, regional-scale simulation of
137Cs radioactivity in the ocean following the Fukushima Dai-ichi
Nuclear Power Plant accident, Biogeosciences, 10, 5601–5617,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5601-2013, 2013.
Tsumune, F., Aoyama, M., Hirose, K., Tsubono, T., Misumi, K., and Tateda, Y.:
Estimation of direct release rate of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H from
the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant for four-and-a-half years, in:
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Environmental
Radioactivity, Vilnius, Lithuania, 29 May–2 June 2017, 24–28, 2017.
Short summary
Analysing increased 137Cs and 134Cs / 137Cs ratio derived from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant accident in the Sea of Japan and its marginal sea, we found a rapid transport process associated with subduction in the subtropical mode water (STMW) formation region and obduction in the north East China Sea. The integrated amount of FNPP1 137Cs entering the Sea of Japan until 2016 was estimated to be 0.21 ± 0.03 PBq, which corresponds to 5.1 (3.4–8.0) % of the total amount of FNPP1 137Cs in the STMW.
Analysing increased 137Cs and 134Cs / 137Cs ratio derived from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant...