The JES is a mid-latitude “Miniature Ocean” featured by multiscale oceanic dynamical processes and sea ice, which strongly influence the JES SSC. However, the dominant factors that favor and/or restrict SSC and how they influence JES SSC on different time scales are not clear. In this study, these issues are investigated using EOF and PCA methods based on high-resolution satellite-derived SSC data provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS).

The Korea Strait is a major navigation passage linking the Japan Sea to the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. This paper establishes a theoretical model for the tides in the Korea Strait and Japan Sea using the extended Taylor method. The model solution explains the formation mechanism of the tidal amphidromic systems in the Korea Strait, and why the K₁ amphidromic point is located farther away from the shelf break separating the Korea Strait and Japan Sea in comparison to the M₂ amphidromic point.

The resonant period of the Gulf of Thailand is potentially close to 1 day. However, the classic quarter-wavelength resonant theory fails to give a diurnal resonant period. In this study, we first perform a series of numerical experiments showing that the resonance of the South China Sea body has a critical impact on the resonance of the gulf. An idealised two-channel model that can reasonably explain the dynamics of the tidal resonance in the Gulf of Thailand is then established in this study.

Harmonic constants of tides and tidal currents are obtained from long-term observations. Diurnal tides and tidal currents dominate in southern Natuna Sea and Karimata and Gaspar straits. Existing numerical model results are not accurate in the study area. Existing tidal models based on satellite observation need to be improved for the area.