Articles | Volume 14, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1167-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-1167-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Oct 2018
Research article |
| 05 Oct 2018
| 05 Oct 2018
Mean circulation and EKE distribution in the Labrador Sea Water level of the subpolar North Atlantic
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker
Weg 20, 24115 Kiel, Germany
Johannes Karstensen
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker
Weg 20, 24115 Kiel, Germany
Marilena Oltmanns
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker
Weg 20, 24115 Kiel, Germany
Sunke Schmidtko
GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker
Weg 20, 24115 Kiel, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Taavi Liblik, Daniel Rak, Enriko Siht, Germo Väli, Johannes Karstensen, Laura Tuomi, Louise C. Biddle, Madis-Jaak Lilover, Māris Skudra, Michael Naumann, Urmas Lips, and Volker Mohrholz
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2272, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2272, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Eight current meters were deployed to the seafloor across the Baltic to enhance knowledge about circulation and currents. The experiment was complemented by autonomous vehicles. Stable circulation patterns were observed at the sea when weather was steady. Strong and quite persistent currents were observed at the key passage for the deep-water renewal of the Northern Baltic Sea. Deep water renewal mostly occurs during spring and summer periods in the northern Baltic Sea.
Marilena Oltmanns, N. Penny Holliday, James Screen, Ben I. Moat, Simon A. Josey, D. Gwyn Evans, and Sheldon Bacon
Weather Clim. Dynam., 5, 109–132, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The melting of land ice and sea ice leads to freshwater input into the ocean. Based on observations, we show that stronger freshwater anomalies in the subpolar North Atlantic in winter are followed by warmer and drier weather over Europe in summer. The identified link indicates an enhanced predictability of European summer weather at least a winter in advance. It further suggests that warmer and drier summers over Europe can become more frequent under increased freshwater fluxes in the future.
Pierre L'Hégaret, Florian Schütte, Sabrina Speich, Gilles Reverdin, Dariusz B. Baranowski, Rena Czeschel, Tim Fischer, Gregory R. Foltz, Karen J. Heywood, Gerd Krahmann, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Philippe Le Bot, Stéphane Leizour, Callum Rollo, Michael Schlundt, Elizabeth Siddle, Corentin Subirade, Dongxiao Zhang, and Johannes Karstensen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1801–1830, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1801-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In early 2020, the EUREC4A-OA/ATOMIC experiment took place in the northwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean, a dynamical region where different water masses interact. Four oceanographic vessels and a fleet of autonomous devices were deployed to study the processes at play and sample the upper ocean, each with its own observing capability. The article first describes the data calibration and validation and second their cross-validation, using a hierarchy of instruments and estimating the uncertainty.
Alan D. Fox, Patricia Handmann, Christina Schmidt, Neil Fraser, Siren Rühs, Alejandra Sanchez-Franks, Torge Martin, Marilena Oltmanns, Clare Johnson, Willi Rath, N. Penny Holliday, Arne Biastoch, Stuart A. Cunningham, and Igor Yashayaev
Ocean Sci., 18, 1507–1533, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Observations of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic in the 2010s show exceptional freshening and cooling of the upper ocean, peaking in 2016 with the lowest salinities recorded for 120 years. Using results from a high-resolution ocean model, supported by observations, we propose that the leading cause is reduced surface cooling over the preceding decade in the Labrador Sea, leading to increased outflow of less dense water and so to freshening and cooling of the eastern subpolar North Atlantic.
Rainer Kiko, Marc Picheral, David Antoine, Marcel Babin, Léo Berline, Tristan Biard, Emmanuel Boss, Peter Brandt, Francois Carlotti, Svenja Christiansen, Laurent Coppola, Leandro de la Cruz, Emilie Diamond-Riquier, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Amanda Elineau, Gabriel Gorsky, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Lee Karp-Boss, Johannes Karstensen, Dong-gyun Kim, Rachel M. Lekanoff, Fabien Lombard, Rubens M. Lopes, Claudie Marec, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Daniela Niemeyer, Margaux Noyon, Stephanie H. O'Daly, Mark D. Ohman, Jessica L. Pretty, Andreas Rogge, Sarah Searson, Masashi Shibata, Yuji Tanaka, Toste Tanhua, Jan Taucher, Emilia Trudnowska, Jessica S. Turner, Anya Waite, and Lars Stemmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4315–4337, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The term
marine particlescomprises detrital aggregates; fecal pellets; bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton; and even fish. Here, we present a global dataset that contains 8805 vertical particle size distribution profiles obtained with Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5) camera systems. These data are valuable to the scientific community, as they can be used to constrain important biogeochemical processes in the ocean, such as the flux of carbon to the deep sea.
Léa Olivier, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Nathalie Lefèvre, Peter Landschützer, Sabrina Speich, Johannes Karstensen, Matthieu Labaste, Christophe Noisel, Markus Ritschel, Tobias Steinhoff, and Rik Wanninkhof
Biogeosciences, 19, 2969–2988, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2969-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the impact of the interactions between eddies and the Amazon River plume on the CO2 air–sea fluxes to better characterize the ocean carbon sink in winter 2020. The region is a strong CO2 sink, previously underestimated by a factor of 10 due to a lack of data and understanding of the processes responsible for the variability in ocean carbon parameters. The CO2 absorption is mainly driven by freshwater from the Amazon entrained by eddies and by the winter seasonal cooling.
Jannes Koelling, Dariia Atamanchuk, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia Handmann, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 19, 437–454, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-437-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-437-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate oxygen variability in the deep western boundary current in the Labrador Sea from multiyear moored records. We estimate that about half of the oxygen taken up in the interior Labrador Sea by air–sea gas exchange during deep water formation is exported southward the same year. Our results underline the complexity of the oxygen uptake and export in the Labrador Sea and highlight the important role this region plays in supplying oxygen to the deep ocean.
Gerhard Fischer, Oscar E. Romero, Johannes Karstensen, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Nasrollah Moradi, Morten Iversen, Götz Ruhland, Marco Klann, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 6479–6500, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Low-oxygen eddies in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic can form an oasis for phytoplankton growth. Here we report on particle flux dynamics at the oligotrophic Cape Verde Ocean Observatory. We observed consistent flux patterns during the passages of low-oxygen eddies. We found distinct flux peaks in late winter, clearly exceeding background fluxes. Our findings suggest that the low-oxygen eddies sequester higher organic carbon than expected for oligotrophic settings.
Marilena Oltmanns, N. Penny Holliday, James Screen, D. Gwyn Evans, Simon A. Josey, Sheldon Bacon, and Ben I. Moat
Weather Clim. Dynam. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2021-79, https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2021-79, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is currently warming twice as fast as the global average. This results in enhanced melting and thus freshwater releases into the North Atlantic. Using a combination of observations and models, we show that atmosphere-ocean feedbacks initiated by freshwater releases into the North Atlantic lead to warmer and drier weather over Europe in subsequent summers. The existence of this dynamical link suggests that European summer weather can potentially be predicted months to years in advance.
Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, David Farrell, Felix Ament, Alan Blyth, Christopher Fairall, Johannes Karstensen, Patricia K. Quinn, Sabrina Speich, Claudia Acquistapace, Franziska Aemisegger, Anna Lea Albright, Hugo Bellenger, Eberhard Bodenschatz, Kathy-Ann Caesar, Rebecca Chewitt-Lucas, Gijs de Boer, Julien Delanoë, Leif Denby, Florian Ewald, Benjamin Fildier, Marvin Forde, Geet George, Silke Gross, Martin Hagen, Andrea Hausold, Karen J. Heywood, Lutz Hirsch, Marek Jacob, Friedhelm Jansen, Stefan Kinne, Daniel Klocke, Tobias Kölling, Heike Konow, Marie Lothon, Wiebke Mohr, Ann Kristin Naumann, Louise Nuijens, Léa Olivier, Robert Pincus, Mira Pöhlker, Gilles Reverdin, Gregory Roberts, Sabrina Schnitt, Hauke Schulz, A. Pier Siebesma, Claudia Christine Stephan, Peter Sullivan, Ludovic Touzé-Peiffer, Jessica Vial, Raphaela Vogel, Paquita Zuidema, Nicola Alexander, Lyndon Alves, Sophian Arixi, Hamish Asmath, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Katharina Baier, Adriana Bailey, Dariusz Baranowski, Alexandre Baron, Sébastien Barrau, Paul A. Barrett, Frédéric Batier, Andreas Behrendt, Arne Bendinger, Florent Beucher, Sebastien Bigorre, Edmund Blades, Peter Blossey, Olivier Bock, Steven Böing, Pierre Bosser, Denis Bourras, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Keith Bower, Pierre Branellec, Hubert Branger, Michal Brennek, Alan Brewer, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Björn Brügmann, Stefan A. Buehler, Elmo Burke, Ralph Burton, Radiance Calmer, Jean-Christophe Canonici, Xavier Carton, Gregory Cato Jr., Jude Andre Charles, Patrick Chazette, Yanxu Chen, Michal T. Chilinski, Thomas Choularton, Patrick Chuang, Shamal Clarke, Hugh Coe, Céline Cornet, Pierre Coutris, Fleur Couvreux, Susanne Crewell, Timothy Cronin, Zhiqiang Cui, Yannis Cuypers, Alton Daley, Gillian M. Damerell, Thibaut Dauhut, Hartwig Deneke, Jean-Philippe Desbios, Steffen Dörner, Sebastian Donner, Vincent Douet, Kyla Drushka, Marina Dütsch, André Ehrlich, Kerry Emanuel, Alexandros Emmanouilidis, Jean-Claude Etienne, Sheryl Etienne-Leblanc, Ghislain Faure, Graham Feingold, Luca Ferrero, Andreas Fix, Cyrille Flamant, Piotr Jacek Flatau, Gregory R. Foltz, Linda Forster, Iulian Furtuna, Alan Gadian, Joseph Galewsky, Martin Gallagher, Peter Gallimore, Cassandra Gaston, Chelle Gentemann, Nicolas Geyskens, Andreas Giez, John Gollop, Isabelle Gouirand, Christophe Gourbeyre, Dörte de Graaf, Geiske E. de Groot, Robert Grosz, Johannes Güttler, Manuel Gutleben, Kashawn Hall, George Harris, Kevin C. Helfer, Dean Henze, Calvert Herbert, Bruna Holanda, Antonio Ibanez-Landeta, Janet Intrieri, Suneil Iyer, Fabrice Julien, Heike Kalesse, Jan Kazil, Alexander Kellman, Abiel T. Kidane, Ulrike Kirchner, Marcus Klingebiel, Mareike Körner, Leslie Ann Kremper, Jan Kretzschmar, Ovid Krüger, Wojciech Kumala, Armin Kurz, Pierre L'Hégaret, Matthieu Labaste, Tom Lachlan-Cope, Arlene Laing, Peter Landschützer, Theresa Lang, Diego Lange, Ingo Lange, Clément Laplace, Gauke Lavik, Rémi Laxenaire, Caroline Le Bihan, Mason Leandro, Nathalie Lefevre, Marius Lena, Donald Lenschow, Qiang Li, Gary Lloyd, Sebastian Los, Niccolò Losi, Oscar Lovell, Christopher Luneau, Przemyslaw Makuch, Szymon Malinowski, Gaston Manta, Eleni Marinou, Nicholas Marsden, Sebastien Masson, Nicolas Maury, Bernhard Mayer, Margarette Mayers-Als, Christophe Mazel, Wayne McGeary, James C. McWilliams, Mario Mech, Melina Mehlmann, Agostino Niyonkuru Meroni, Theresa Mieslinger, Andreas Minikin, Peter Minnett, Gregor Möller, Yanmichel Morfa Avalos, Caroline Muller, Ionela Musat, Anna Napoli, Almuth Neuberger, Christophe Noisel, David Noone, Freja Nordsiek, Jakub L. Nowak, Lothar Oswald, Douglas J. Parker, Carolyn Peck, Renaud Person, Miriam Philippi, Albert Plueddemann, Christopher Pöhlker, Veronika Pörtge, Ulrich Pöschl, Lawrence Pologne, Michał Posyniak, Marc Prange, Estefanía Quiñones Meléndez, Jule Radtke, Karim Ramage, Jens Reimann, Lionel Renault, Klaus Reus, Ashford Reyes, Joachim Ribbe, Maximilian Ringel, Markus Ritschel, Cesar B. Rocha, Nicolas Rochetin, Johannes Röttenbacher, Callum Rollo, Haley Royer, Pauline Sadoulet, Leo Saffin, Sanola Sandiford, Irina Sandu, Michael Schäfer, Vera Schemann, Imke Schirmacher, Oliver Schlenczek, Jerome Schmidt, Marcel Schröder, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Andrea Sealy, Christoph J. Senff, Ilya Serikov, Samkeyat Shohan, Elizabeth Siddle, Alexander Smirnov, Florian Späth, Branden Spooner, M. Katharina Stolla, Wojciech Szkółka, Simon P. de Szoeke, Stéphane Tarot, Eleni Tetoni, Elizabeth Thompson, Jim Thomson, Lorenzo Tomassini, Julien Totems, Alma Anna Ubele, Leonie Villiger, Jan von Arx, Thomas Wagner, Andi Walther, Ben Webber, Manfred Wendisch, Shanice Whitehall, Anton Wiltshire, Allison A. Wing, Martin Wirth, Jonathan Wiskandt, Kevin Wolf, Ludwig Worbes, Ethan Wright, Volker Wulfmeyer, Shanea Young, Chidong Zhang, Dongxiao Zhang, Florian Ziemen, Tobias Zinner, and Martin Zöger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4067–4119, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4067-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The EUREC4A field campaign, designed to test hypothesized mechanisms by which clouds respond to warming and benchmark next-generation Earth-system models, is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. It was the first campaign that attempted to characterize the full range of processes and scales influencing trade wind clouds.
Lothar Stramma and Sunke Schmidtko
Ocean Sci., 17, 833–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-833-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-833-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Six tropical areas in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans were investigated for trends for the years since 1950 for temperature, salinity, oxygen and nutrients at 50 to 300 m and 300 to 700 m depth. Generally, temperature increases, oxygen decreases and nutrients often increase. Overlain variability on the trends seem to be related to climate modes. Different trends indicate that oxygen and nutrient trends cannot by completely explained by local warming.
Lothar Stramma, Sunke Schmidtko, Steven J. Bograd, Tsuneo Ono, Tetjana Ross, Daisuke Sasano, and Frank A. Whitney
Biogeosciences, 17, 813–831, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-813-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-813-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of climate signals in the Pacific, especially the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, as well as El Niño–La Niña and an 18.6-year nodal tidal cycle on oxygen and nutrient trends is investigated. At different locations in the Pacific Ocean different climate signals dominate. Hence, not only trends related to warming but also the influence of climate signals need to be investigated to understand oxygen and nutrient changes in the ocean.
Yonss Saranga José, Lothar Stramma, Sunke Schmidtko, and Andreas Oschlies
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-155, 2019
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In situ observations along the Peruvian and Chilean coasts have exhibited variability in the water column oxygen concentration. This variability, which is attributed to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), might have implication on the vertical extension of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) oxygen minimum zone. Here using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model, we provide new insights into how ENSO variability affects the vertical extension of the oxygen-poor waters of the ETSP.
Soeren Thomsen, Johannes Karstensen, Rainer Kiko, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 979–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Physical and biogeochemical observations from an autonomous underwater vehicle in combination with ship-based measurements are used to investigate remote and local drivers of the oxygen and nutrient variability off Mauritania. Beside the transport of oxygen and nutrients characteristics from remote areas towards Mauritania also local remineralization of organic material close to the seabed seems to be important for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
Marilena Oltmanns, Fiammetta Straneo, and Marco Tedesco
The Cryosphere, 13, 815–825, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-815-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-815-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
By combining reanalysis, weather station and satellite data, we show that increases in surface melt over Greenland are initiated by large-scale precipitation events year-round. Estimates from a regional climate model suggest that the initiated melting more than doubled between 1988 and 2012, amounting to ~28 % of the overall melt and revealing that, despite the involved mass gain, precipitation events are contributing to the ice sheet's decline.
Mochamad Furqon Azis Ismail, Joachim Ribbe, Johannes Karstensen, and Vincent Rossi
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-142, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2018-142, 2019
Publication in OS not foreseen
Yao Fu, Johannes Karstensen, and Peter Brandt
Ocean Sci., 14, 589–616, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-589-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-589-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrographic analysis in the Atlantic along 14.5° N and 24.5° N shows that between the periods of 1989/92 and 2013/15, the Antarctic Intermediate Water became warmer and saltier at 14.5° N, and that the Antarctic Bottom Water became lighter at both latitudes. By applying a box inverse model, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) was determined. Comparison among the inverse solution, GECCO2, RAPID, and MOVE shows that the AMOC has not significantly changed in the past 20 years.
Yao Fu, Johannes Karstensen, and Peter Brandt
Ocean Sci., 13, 531–549, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-531-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-531-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Meridional Ekman transport in the tropical Atlantic was estimated directly by using observed ageostrophic velocity, and indirectly by using wind stress data. The direct and indirect methods agree well with each other. The top of the pycnocline represents the Ekman depth better than the mixed layer depth and a constant depth. The Ekman heat and salt fluxes calculated from sea surface temperature and salinity or from high-resolution temperature and salinity profile data differ only marginally.
Johannes Hahn, Peter Brandt, Sunke Schmidtko, and Gerd Krahmann
Ocean Sci., 13, 551–576, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-551-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-551-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Recent studies have shown that the eastern tropical North Atlantic is subject to a strong decrease of the oceanic oxygen concentration in the upper 1000 m from the 1960s to today. By analyzing a broad observational data set, this study found an even stronger oxygen decrease in the upper 400 m throughout the past decade, whereas oxygen increase was found below (400–1000 m). Changes in the strength of the zonal currents are the most likely reason for the observed decadal oxygen changes.
Johannes Karstensen, Florian Schütte, Alice Pietri, Gerd Krahmann, Björn Fiedler, Damian Grundle, Helena Hauss, Arne Körtzinger, Carolin R. Löscher, Pierre Testor, Nuno Vieira, and Martin Visbeck
Biogeosciences, 14, 2167–2181, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2167-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2167-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution observational data from underwater gliders and ships are used to investigate drivers and pathways of nutrient upwelling in high-productive whirling ecosystems (eddies). The data suggest that the upwelling is created by the interaction of wind-induced internal waves with the local rotation of the eddy. Because of differences in nutrient and oxygen pathways, a low-oxygen core is established at shallow depth in the high-productive eddies.
Florian Schütte, Johannes Karstensen, Gerd Krahmann, Helena Hauss, Björn Fiedler, Peter Brandt, Martin Visbeck, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 5865–5881, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5865-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5865-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Mesoscale eddies with very low–oxygen concentrations at shallow depth have been recently discovered in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. Our analysis shows that low oxygen eddies occur more frequent than expected and are found even close to the equator (8° N). From budget calculations we show that an oxygen reduction of 7 µmol/kg in the depth range of 50–150 m in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (peak reduction is 16 µmol/kg at 100 m depth) can be associated with the dispersion of these eddies.
Björn Fiedler, Damian S. Grundle, Florian Schütte, Johannes Karstensen, Carolin R. Löscher, Helena Hauss, Hannes Wagner, Alexandra Loginova, Rainer Kiko, Péricles Silva, Toste Tanhua, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 5633–5647, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5633-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen-depleted mesoscale features in the open eastern tropical North Atlantic, which are formed in the Mauritanian upwelling region, were discovered recently. This study examines biogeochemical structure and magnitudes of related processes within these isolated water masses. We found very low oxygen concentrations and strongly enhanced acidity at near-surface depth. Oxygen utilization and downward carbon export were found to exceed known values for this ocean region.
Gerhard Fischer, Johannes Karstensen, Oscar Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Morten Iversen, Björn Fiedler, Ivanice Monteiro, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 3203–3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Particle fluxes at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory in the eastern tropical North Atlantic for the period December 2009 until May 2011 are discussed based on deep sediment trap time-series data collected at 1290 and 3439 m water depths. The typically open-ocean flux pattern with weak seasonality is modified by the appearance of a highly productive and low oxygen eddy in winter 2010. The eddy passage was accompanied by high biogenic and lithogenic fluxes, lasting from December 2009 to May 2010.
Marcela Cornejo D'Ottone, Luis Bravo, Marcel Ramos, Oscar Pizarro, Johannes Karstensen, Mauricio Gallegos, Marco Correa-Ramirez, Nelson Silva, Laura Farias, and Lee Karp-Boss
Biogeosciences, 13, 2971–2979, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2971-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2971-2016, 2016
Florian Schütte, Peter Brandt, and Johannes Karstensen
Ocean Sci., 12, 663–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-663-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-663-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We want to examine the characteristics of mesoscale eddies in the tropical northeastern Atlantic. They serve as transport agents, exporting water from the coast into the open ocean. Traditionally eddies are categorized with respect to their rotation: cyclonic and anticyclonic. But we could identify, with a combination of different satellite products, a third type called "anticyclonic mode-water eddy" transporting much larger anomalies. We propose a distinction into three classes for further studies.
Helena Hauss, Svenja Christiansen, Florian Schütte, Rainer Kiko, Miryam Edvam Lima, Elizandro Rodrigues, Johannes Karstensen, Carolin R. Löscher, Arne Körtzinger, and Björn Fiedler
Biogeosciences, 13, 1977–1989, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1977-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1977-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In a low-oxygen eddy in the tropical Atlantic, total zooplankton biomass was increased. Larger plankton avoided the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ, < 20 µmol O2 kg−1). We identified four strategies by different plankton groups: (i) shallow OMZ avoidance and compression at surface, (ii) migration to shallow OMZ core during daytime, migration to surface at nighttime, (iii) residing in shallow OMZ day and night and (iv) migration through the shallow OMZ from oxygenated depths to surface and back.
C. R. Löscher, M. A. Fischer, S. C. Neulinger, B. Fiedler, M. Philippi, F. Schütte, A. Singh, H. Hauss, J. Karstensen, A. Körtzinger, S. Künzel, and R. A. Schmitz
Biogeosciences, 12, 7467–7482, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7467-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7467-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The waters of the tropical Atlantic Open Ocean usually contain comparably high concentrations of oxygen. Now, it became clear that there are watermasses related to eddies that are nearly anoxic. We surveyed one of those eddies and found a biosphere that largely differed from the usual biosphere present in this area with a specific community responsible for primary production and for degradation processes. Further, we found the very first indication for active nitrogen loss in the open Atlantic.
J. Karstensen, B. Fiedler, F. Schütte, P. Brandt, A. Körtzinger, G. Fischer, R. Zantopp, J. Hahn, M. Visbeck, and D. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 12, 2597–2605, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2597-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2597-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first report of the formation of dead zones in the open ocean. A combination of multiple ocean observing system elements (mooring, floats, satellites, ships) allowed us to reconstruct the generation of the dead zones and to connect the formation to enhanced respiration within mesoscale ocean eddies. The dead zones present specific threats to the ecosystem, such as the interruption of the diurnal migration of zooplankters.
P. Brandt, H. W. Bange, D. Banyte, M. Dengler, S.-H. Didwischus, T. Fischer, R. J. Greatbatch, J. Hahn, T. Kanzow, J. Karstensen, A. Körtzinger, G. Krahmann, S. Schmidtko, L. Stramma, T. Tanhua, and M. Visbeck
Biogeosciences, 12, 489–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-489-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Our observational study looks at the structure of the eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in comparison with the less-ventilated, eastern tropical South Pacific OMZ. We quantify the OMZ’s oxygen budget composed of consumption, advection, lateral and vertical mixing. Substantial oxygen variability is observed on interannual to multidecadal timescales. The deoxygenation of the ETNA OMZ during the last decades represents a substantial imbalance of the oxygen budget.
J. Karstensen, T. Liblik, J. Fischer, K. Bumke, and G. Krahmann
Biogeosciences, 11, 3603–3617, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3603-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3603-2014, 2014
P. J. Llanillo, J. Karstensen, J. L. Pelegrí, and L. Stramma
Biogeosciences, 10, 6339–6355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6339-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6339-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Approach: In situ Observations | Depth range: Deep Ocean | Geographical range: Deep Seas: North Atlantic | Phenomena: Current Field
Transport of Antarctic bottom water through the Kane Gap, tropical NE Atlantic Ocean
E. G. Morozov, R. Y. Tarakanov, and H. van Haren
Ocean Sci., 9, 825–835, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-825-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-825-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Argo: Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC), SEANOE, https://doi.org/10.17882/42182 (last
access:
2017), 2000.
Avsic, T., Karstensen, J., Send, U., and Fischer, J.: Interannual variability
of newly formed Labrador Sea Water from 1994 to 2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21S02, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026913, 2006.
Bower, A. S., Lozier, M. S., Gary, S. F., and Böning, C. W.: Interior
pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Nature,
459, 243–247, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07979, 2009.
Brandt, P., Schott, F., Funk, A., und Sena Martins, C. : Seasonal to
interannual variability of the eddy field in the Labrador Sea from satellite
altimetry, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 109, C02028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001551, 2004.
Chelton, D. B., deSzoeke, R. A., Schlax, M. G., El Naggar, K., and
Siwertz N.: Geographical Variability of the First Baroclinic Rossby Radius
of Deformation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 433–460,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0433:GVOTFB>2.0.CO;2,
1998.
Daniault, N., Mercier, H., Lherminier, P., Sarafanov, A., Falina, A.,
Zunino, P., Pérez, F. F., Ríos, A. F., Ferron, B., Huck, T.,
Thierry, V., and Gladyshev, S.: The northern North Atlantic Ocean mean
circulation in the early 21st century, Prog. Oceanogr., 146,
142–158, 2016.
Davis, R. E.: Preliminary results from directly measuring mid-depth
circulation in the tropical and South Pacific, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 24619–24639, 1998.
Davis, R. E.: Intermediate-Depth Circulation of the Indian and South Pacific
Oceans Measured by Autonomous Floats, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 35, 683–707,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2702.1, 2005.
Davis, R. E., Sherman J. T., and Dufour, J.: Profiling ALACEs and other
advances in autonomous subsurface floats, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 18,
982–993,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0982:paaoai>2.0.co;2,
2001.
Eden, C. and Böning, C.: Sources of eddy kinetic energy in the Labrador
Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3346–3363, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<3346, 2002.
Fan, X., Send, U., Testor, P., Karstensen, J., and Lherminier, P.:
Observations of Irminger Sea Anticyclonic Eddies, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 43, 805–823, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-11-0155.1, 2013.
Fischer, J. and Schott, F.: Labrador Sea Water tracked by profiling floats
– from the boundary current into the open North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 573–584, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<0573:LSWTBP>2.0.CO;2, 2002.
Fischer, J., Schott, F., and Dengler, M.: Boundary circulation at the exit
of the Labrador Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1548–1570, 2004.
Fischer, J., Karstensen, J., Zantopp, R. J., Visbeck, M., Biastoch, A.,
Behrens, E., Böning, C. W., Quadfasel, D., Jochumsen, K., Valdimarsson,
H., Jónsson, S., Bacon, S., Holliday, N. P., Dye, S., Rhein, M., und
Mertens, C.: Intra-seasonal variability of the DWBC in the western subpolar
North Atlantic, Prog. Oceanogr., 132, 233–249, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.04.002, 2015.
Fischer, J., Karstensen, J., Oltmanns, M., and Schmidtko, S.: Data to “Mean circulation and EKE distribution in the Labrador Sea Water level of the subpolar North
Atlantic”, PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.894949, 2018.
Funk, A., Brandt, P., and Fischer, T.: Eddy diffusivities estimated from
observations in the Labrador Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C04001,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JC005098, 2009.
Gould, W. J., Cutler, A., and Weddell, D.: Long-term current measurements in the
N. Rockall Trough, Summer 1978 to Autumn 1980 (Department of Energy
Contract No.OT/F 497), 1982.
Griffies, S. M., Danabasoglu, G., Durack, P. J., Adcroft, A. J., Balaji, V.,
Böning, C. W., Chassignet, E. P., Curchitser, E., Deshayes, J., Drange, H.,
Fox-Kemper, B., Gleckler, P. J., Gregory, J. M., Haak, H., Hallberg, R. W.,
Heimbach, P., Hewitt, H. T., Holland, D. M., Ilyina, T., Jungclaus, J. H.,
Komuro, Y., Krasting, J. P., Large, W. G., Marsland, S. J., Masina, S.,
McDougall, T. J., Nurser, A. J. G., Orr, J. C., Pirani, A., Qiao, F.,
Stouffer, R. J., Taylor, K. E., Treguier, A. M., Tsujino, H., Uotila, P.,
Valdivieso, M., Wang, Q., Winton, M., and Yeager, S. G.: OMIP contribution to
CMIP6: experimental and diagnostic protocol for the physical component of the
Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, Geosci. Model Dev., 9, 3231–3296,
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-3231-2016, 2016.
Kanzow, T. and Zenk, W.: Structure and transport of the Iceland Scotland
Overflow plume along the Reykjanes Ridge in the Iceland Basin, Deep-Sea Res.
I, 86, 82–93, 2014.
LaCasce, J. H.: Floats and f/H, J. Marine Res., 58, 61–95, 2000.
Lavender, K. L., Owens, W. B., and Davis, R. E.: The middepth circulation of
the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean as measured by subsurface floats, Deep-Sea
Res. I, 52, 767–785, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.12.007, 2005.
Lazier, J. R. N. and Wright, D. G.: Annual velocity variations in the
Labrador Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 559–678, 1993.
Lebedev, K. V., Yoshinari, H., Maximenko, N. A., and Hacker, P. W.:
YoMaHa'07: Velocity data assessed from trajectories of Argo floats at parking
level and at the sea surface, IPRC Technical Note No. 4(2), available at:
http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/yomaha/index.php
(last access: April 2017), 12 June 2007.
Le Traon, P. Y., Nadal, F., and Ducet, N.:. An improved mapping method of
multisatellite altimeter data, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 15, 522–534, 1998.
Lozier, M. S. Bacon, S., Bower, A. S., Cunningham, S. A. de Jong, M. F., de
Steur, L., de Young, B., Fischer, J., Gary, S. F., Greenan, B. J. W.,
Heimbach, P., Holliday, N. P., Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Johns, W. E.,
Johnson, H. L., Karstensen, J., Li, F., Lin, X., Mackay, N., Marshall, D. P.,
Mercier, H., Myers, P. G., Pickart, R. S., Pillar, H. R. Straneo, F.,
Thierry, V., Weller, R. A., Williams, R. G., Wilson, C., Yang, J., Zhao, J.,
and Zika, J. D.: Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: a new
international ocean observing system, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,
98, 737–752, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0057.1, 2016.
National Geophysical Data Center: 2-minute Gridded Global Relief Data
(ETOPO2) v2. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5J1012Q[,
2006.
Ollitraut, M. and de Verdiere, C.: The Ocean General Circulation near 1000-m
Depth, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 44, 384–409, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-13-030.1, 2013.
Palter, J. B., Caron, C. A., Law, K. L., Willis, J. K., Trossman, D. S.,
Yashayaev, I. M., and Gilbert, D.: Variability of the directly observed,
middepth subpolar North Atlantic circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42,
2700–2708,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL067235, 2016.
Pickart, R., Straneo, F., and Moore, G.: Is Labrador Sea Water formed in the
Irminger Basin?, Deep Sea Res. I, 50, 23–52, 2003.
Schmidtko, S., Johnson, G. C., und Lyman, J. M.: MIMOC: A global monthly
isopycnal upper-ocean climatology with mixed layers, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans,
118, 1658–1672, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20122, 2013.
Spall, M. A. and Pickart, R. S.:. Wind-driven recirculations and exchange in
the Labrador and Irminger Seas, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 1829–1845, 2003.
Straneo, F., Pickart, R. S., and Lavender, K.: Spreading of Labrador sea
water: an advective-diffusive study based on Lagrangian data, Deep-Sea Res.
I, 50, 701–719, 2003.
Sy, A., Rhein, M., Lazier, J. R. N., Koltermann, K. P., Meincke, J., Outzka,
A., and Bersch, M.: Surprisingly rapid spreading of newly formed intermediate
waters across the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 386, 675–679, 1997.
Zantopp, R., Fischer, J., Visbeck, M., and Karstensen, J.: From interannual
to decadal: 17 years of boundary current transports at the exit of the
Labrador Sea, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 1724–1748, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012271,
2017.
Zhang, W. and Yan, X.-H.: Variability of the Labrador Sea surface eddy
kinetic energy observed by altimeter from 1993 to 2012, J. Geophys.
Res.-Oceans, 123, 601–612, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013508, 2018.
Short summary
Based on nearly 17 years of profiling (Argo) float data, high-resolution (~ 25 km grid) maps of mean flow and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) were constructed for the intermediate to deep subpolar North Atlantic. Robust boundary currents along topographic slopes, mid-basin advective pathways, and stagnation regimes were identified. The ratio of mean flow vs. the square root of EKE indicates regions dominated by advection, and large regions in which eddy diffusion prevails.
Based on nearly 17 years of profiling (Argo) float data, high-resolution (~ 25 km grid) maps of...
