Articles | Volume 13, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-95-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-95-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Feb 2017
Research article |
| 09 Feb 2017
A simple method for retrieving significant wave height from Dopplerized X-band radar
Ruben Carrasco
Department of Radar Hydrography, Institute of Coastal Research,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
Michael Streßer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Radar Hydrography, Institute of Coastal Research,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
Jochen Horstmann
Department of Radar Hydrography, Institute of Coastal Research,
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany
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Cited
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ocean Wind and Wave Measurements Using X-Band Marine Radar: A Comprehensive Review W. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121261
- Nearshore Bathymetry Based on Shore-Based Microwave Radar Y. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2023.3306570
- Group Line Energy in Phase-Resolved Ocean Surface Wave Orbital Velocity Reconstructions from X-band Doppler Radar Measurements of the Sea Surface A. Kammerer & E. Hackett https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010071
- Wave Height and Wave Period Derived from a Shipboard Coherent S-Band Wave Radar in the South China Sea Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232812
- Estimation of Significant Wave Height From Airborne Coherent X-Band Radar Images P. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2024.3432094
- Observation and Intercomparison of Wave Motion and Wave Measurement Using Shore-Based Coherent Microwave Radar and HF Radar Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2914437
- Shipboard Wave Measurements in the Southern Ocean B. Lund et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0212.1
- An ALoGI PU Algorithm for Simulating Kelvin Wake on Sea Surface Based on Airborne Ku SAR L. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144508
- Multifunctional Scatterometer System for Measuring Physical Oceanographic Parameters Using Range-Doppler FMCW Radar J. Hwang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082890
- Use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Extraction of Ocean Surface Wave Fields from X-Band Radar Measurements of the Sea Surface A. Kammerer & E. Hackett https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090881
- High-Resolution Radar Sensing Sea Surface States During AMK-82 Cruise A. Ermoshkin & A. Molkov https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3161119
- Wave Height Estimation From Radar Images Under Rainy Conditions Based on Context-Aware Segmentation and Iterative Dehazing Z. Yang & W. Huang https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2024.3521814
- Monitoring Ocean Waves Using Coherent X-Band Radar: Surface Reconstruction and Short-Term Prediction R. Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3597134
- Development, pre-training, and fine-tuning of the CoordConv-Unet model for significant wave height retrieval from Himawari-8 satellite imagery W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.124045
- Reconstruction of the Frequency-Wavenumber Spectrum of Water Waves With an Airborne Acoustic Doppler Array for Noncontact River Monitoring G. Dolcetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3358672
- A shoreline detection method with X-band marine radar W. Navarro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105233
- Significant Wave Height Retrieved From Coherent X-Band Radar: A Physics-Based Approach R. Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3354042
- Consistency between Sea Surface Reconstructions from Nautical X-Band Radar Doppler and Amplitude Measurements S. Støle-Hentschel et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0145.1
- Artificial Boundary Condition Processing Technique for Phased-Resolved Wave Surface Reconstruction X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00392-8
- Relationship Between Wave-Related Reynolds Number and Doppler Velocity at Grazing Incidence M. Streßer et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2026.3653263
- On the Interpretation of Coherent Marine Radar Backscatter From Surf Zone Waves M. Streber et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3103417
- Improvement of wave measurement accuracy with shipboard X-band radar: Integration of ship motions and precipitation data S. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122412
- Software Methodology for Data Control and Collection for Autonomous Monitoring Systems with a Large Amount of Generated Information on the Example of Software for a Hydrological Radiolocation System I. Serdiukov et al. https://doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2023-26-2-52-64
- A Laplacian-Regularization Enhanced Reduced-Order Variational Mode Decomposition Method for Sea Wave Parameter Inversion H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3680249
- Ocean Current Retrieval From Shore-Based Coherent C-Band Radar Using SPOD-Based Spectral Feature Reconstruction Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3674832
- Wave Parameter Inversion With Coherent Microwave Radar Using Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3203512
- Ocean Remote Sensing Techniques and Applications: A Review (Part I) M. Amani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213400
- A Coherent on Receive X-Band Marine Radar for Ocean Observations J. Horstmann et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237828
- A Method for Significant Wave Height Estimation From Circularly Polarized X-Band Coastal Marine Radar Images S. Rikka et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2018.2886631
- Significant Wave Height Measured by Coherent X-Band Radar R. Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2706067
- A Study on Standard Ocean Lighted Buoy Type System for Real-time Ocean Meteorological Observation S. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2018.19.9.1739
- Physics-Constrained Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction Methodology Based on X-Band Coherent Radar J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17173004
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ocean Wind and Wave Measurements Using X-Band Marine Radar: A Comprehensive Review W. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121261
- Nearshore Bathymetry Based on Shore-Based Microwave Radar Y. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2023.3306570
- Group Line Energy in Phase-Resolved Ocean Surface Wave Orbital Velocity Reconstructions from X-band Doppler Radar Measurements of the Sea Surface A. Kammerer & E. Hackett https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11010071
- Wave Height and Wave Period Derived from a Shipboard Coherent S-Band Wave Radar in the South China Sea Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11232812
- Estimation of Significant Wave Height From Airborne Coherent X-Band Radar Images P. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2024.3432094
- Observation and Intercomparison of Wave Motion and Wave Measurement Using Shore-Based Coherent Microwave Radar and HF Radar Z. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2914437
- Shipboard Wave Measurements in the Southern Ocean B. Lund et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0212.1
- An ALoGI PU Algorithm for Simulating Kelvin Wake on Sea Surface Based on Airborne Ku SAR L. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25144508
- Multifunctional Scatterometer System for Measuring Physical Oceanographic Parameters Using Range-Doppler FMCW Radar J. Hwang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082890
- Use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Extraction of Ocean Surface Wave Fields from X-Band Radar Measurements of the Sea Surface A. Kammerer & E. Hackett https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9090881
- High-Resolution Radar Sensing Sea Surface States During AMK-82 Cruise A. Ermoshkin & A. Molkov https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3161119
- Wave Height Estimation From Radar Images Under Rainy Conditions Based on Context-Aware Segmentation and Iterative Dehazing Z. Yang & W. Huang https://doi.org/10.1109/TRS.2024.3521814
- Monitoring Ocean Waves Using Coherent X-Band Radar: Surface Reconstruction and Short-Term Prediction R. Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3597134
- Development, pre-training, and fine-tuning of the CoordConv-Unet model for significant wave height retrieval from Himawari-8 satellite imagery W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.124045
- Reconstruction of the Frequency-Wavenumber Spectrum of Water Waves With an Airborne Acoustic Doppler Array for Noncontact River Monitoring G. Dolcetti et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3358672
- A shoreline detection method with X-band marine radar W. Navarro et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2024.105233
- Significant Wave Height Retrieved From Coherent X-Band Radar: A Physics-Based Approach R. Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3354042
- Consistency between Sea Surface Reconstructions from Nautical X-Band Radar Doppler and Amplitude Measurements S. Støle-Hentschel et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-17-0145.1
- Artificial Boundary Condition Processing Technique for Phased-Resolved Wave Surface Reconstruction X. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00392-8
- Relationship Between Wave-Related Reynolds Number and Doppler Velocity at Grazing Incidence M. Streßer et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2026.3653263
- On the Interpretation of Coherent Marine Radar Backscatter From Surf Zone Waves M. Streber et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3103417
- Improvement of wave measurement accuracy with shipboard X-band radar: Integration of ship motions and precipitation data S. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.122412
- Software Methodology for Data Control and Collection for Autonomous Monitoring Systems with a Large Amount of Generated Information on the Example of Software for a Hydrological Radiolocation System I. Serdiukov et al. https://doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2023-26-2-52-64
- A Laplacian-Regularization Enhanced Reduced-Order Variational Mode Decomposition Method for Sea Wave Parameter Inversion H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3680249
- Ocean Current Retrieval From Shore-Based Coherent C-Band Radar Using SPOD-Based Spectral Feature Reconstruction Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3674832
- Wave Parameter Inversion With Coherent Microwave Radar Using Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3203512
- Ocean Remote Sensing Techniques and Applications: A Review (Part I) M. Amani et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14213400
- A Coherent on Receive X-Band Marine Radar for Ocean Observations J. Horstmann et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237828
- A Method for Significant Wave Height Estimation From Circularly Polarized X-Band Coastal Marine Radar Images S. Rikka et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2018.2886631
- Significant Wave Height Measured by Coherent X-Band Radar R. Carrasco et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2017.2706067
- A Study on Standard Ocean Lighted Buoy Type System for Real-time Ocean Meteorological Observation S. Park et al. https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2018.19.9.1739
- Physics-Constrained Deterministic Sea Wave Reconstruction Methodology Based on X-Band Coherent Radar J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17173004
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
The significant wave height (Hs) is one of the most relevant parameters to describe a sea state statistically. This parameter is commonly monitored by measurement devices placed in the water (wave rider buoy, ADCP), which require expensive maintenance. In this study, X-band radar, generally used for ship navigation, was modified to measure water particle speeds using the Doppler effect. Based on the obtained data, a simple method is introduced to remotely estimate Hs with a reasonable accuracy.
The significant wave height (Hs) is one of the most relevant parameters to describe a sea state...
