Articles | Volume 13, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-495-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-495-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Preface: Oceanographic processes on the continental shelf: observations and modeling
Institute of Marine Science, National Research Council (ISMAR-CNR),
Venice, Italy
Judith Wolf
National Oceanography Center, Liverpool, UK
Vittorio E. Brando
Institute of Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council (IREA-CNR), Milan, Italy
present address: Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), Rome, Italy
Lakshmi H. Kantha
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Related authors
Peter Mlakar, Antonio Ricchi, Sandro Carniel, Davide Bonaldo, and Matjaž Ličer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4705–4725, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new point-prediction model, the DEep Learning WAVe Emulating model (DELWAVE), which successfully emulates the Simulating WAves Nearshore model (SWAN) over synoptic to climate timescales. Compared to control climatology over all wind directions, the mismatch between DELWAVE and SWAN is generally small compared to the difference between scenario and control conditions, suggesting that the noise introduced by surrogate modelling is substantially weaker than the climate change signal.
Davide Bonaldo, Sandro Carniel, Renato R. Colucci, Cléa Denamiel, Petra Pranic, Fabio Raicich, Antonio Ricchi, Lorenzo Sangelantoni, Ivica Vilibic, and Maria Letizia Vitelletti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1468, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution modelling effort to investigate the possible end-of-century evolution of the main physical processes in the Adriatic Sea in a severe climate change scenario, with an ensemble approach (viz., use a of multiple simulations) allowing to control the uncertainty of the predictions. Our model exhibits a satisfactory capability to reproduce the recent past and provides a ground for a set of multidisciplinary studies in this area over a multi-decadal horizon.
Renata Archetti, Agnese Paci, Sandro Carniel, and Davide Bonaldo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1107–1122, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1107-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An application to monitor the response of a beach to single storms, in order to predict shoreline changes and to plan the defence of the shore zone is presented. On the study area, Jesolo (Italy), video and current stations were installed. The methodology, which is economically attractive, proves to be a valuable system for providing detailed indications on beach erosion processes and can be used for improving the collaboration between coastal scientists and managers to solve beach-maintenance problems.
Francesco Marcello Falcieri, Lakshmi Kantha, Alvise Benetazzo, Andrea Bergamasco, Davide Bonaldo, Francesco Barbariol, Vlado Malačič, Mauro Sclavo, and Sandro Carniel
Ocean Sci., 12, 433–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-433-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-433-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Between January 30th and February 4th we collected the first turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under different wind forcing and water column structure. The vertical profiles of the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rates showed that the presence near the sea floor of different water masses, inflowing from the open sea, can prevent the complete mixing of the water column. This dumping effect is enhanced when these masses present higher suspended sediment concentrations.
Francesco Barbariol, Francesco Marcello Falcieri, Carlotta Scotton, Alvise Benetazzo, Sandro Carniel, and Mauro Sclavo
Ocean Sci., 12, 403–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-403-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-403-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis presented in the paper aims at extending the classification capabilities of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) within the context of ocean waves. Indeed, the intrinsic SOM difficulty in representing extremes of the wave climate is discussed and alternative strategies are proposed in order to represent the whole wave climate at a given location. Among them, a two-step SOM together with a double-side map provides the best results.
V. E. Brando, F. Braga, L. Zaggia, C. Giardino, M. Bresciani, E. Matta, D. Bellafiore, C. Ferrarin, F. Maicu, A. Benetazzo, D. Bonaldo, F. M. Falcieri, A. Coluccelli, A. Russo, and S. Carniel
Ocean Sci., 11, 909–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-909-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-909-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Sea surface temperature and turbidity, derived from satellite imagery, were used to characterize river plumes in the northern Adriatic Sea during a significant flood event in November 2014. Circulation patterns and sea surface salinity, from an operational coupled ocean-wave model, supported the interpretation of the plumes' interaction with the receiving waters and among them.
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, V. Artale, G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi, S. Brenner, A. Crise, M. Gacic, N. Kress, S. Marullo, M. Ribera d'Alcalà, S. Sofianos, T. Tanhua, A. Theocharis, M. Alvarez, Y. Ashkenazy, A. Bergamasco, V. Cardin, S. Carniel, G. Civitarese, F. D'Ortenzio, J. Font, E. Garcia-Ladona, J. M. Garcia-Lafuente, A. Gogou, M. Gregoire, D. Hainbucher, H. Kontoyannis, V. Kovacevic, E. Kraskapoulou, G. Kroskos, A. Incarbona, M. G. Mazzocchi, M. Orlic, E. Ozsoy, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, W. Roether, A. Rubino, K. Schroeder, J. Siokou-Frangou, E. Souvermezoglou, M. Sprovieri, J. Tintoré, and G. Triantafyllou
Ocean Sci., 10, 281–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
H. Mihanović, I. Vilibić, S. Carniel, M. Tudor, A. Russo, A. Bergamasco, N. Bubić, Z. Ljubešić, D. Viličić, A. Boldrin, V. Malačič, M. Celio, C. Comici, and F. Raicich
Ocean Sci., 9, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-561-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-561-2013, 2013
Jaime Pitarch and Vittorio Ernesto Brando
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-295, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-295, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
This research presents a comprehensive synthetic dataset in the optical domain, created thanks to a large mining of available bio-optical data. Utilizing the Hydrolight radiative transfer model, the dataset provides detailed light fields from ultraviolet to visible light, aiding in the development of satellite algorithms. The dataset will significantly enhance research on light behavior in water and supporting future hyperspectral missions. It has been made publicly available on Zenodo.
Peter Mlakar, Antonio Ricchi, Sandro Carniel, Davide Bonaldo, and Matjaž Ličer
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 4705–4725, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4705-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4705-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a new point-prediction model, the DEep Learning WAVe Emulating model (DELWAVE), which successfully emulates the Simulating WAves Nearshore model (SWAN) over synoptic to climate timescales. Compared to control climatology over all wind directions, the mismatch between DELWAVE and SWAN is generally small compared to the difference between scenario and control conditions, suggesting that the noise introduced by surrogate modelling is substantially weaker than the climate change signal.
Davide Bonaldo, Sandro Carniel, Renato R. Colucci, Cléa Denamiel, Petra Pranic, Fabio Raicich, Antonio Ricchi, Lorenzo Sangelantoni, Ivica Vilibic, and Maria Letizia Vitelletti
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1468, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution modelling effort to investigate the possible end-of-century evolution of the main physical processes in the Adriatic Sea in a severe climate change scenario, with an ensemble approach (viz., use a of multiple simulations) allowing to control the uncertainty of the predictions. Our model exhibits a satisfactory capability to reproduce the recent past and provides a ground for a set of multidisciplinary studies in this area over a multi-decadal horizon.
Hubert Luce, Lakshmi Kantha, and Hiroyuki Hashiguchi
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5091–5101, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5091-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5091-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The potential ability of clear air radars to measure turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate ε in the atmosphere is a major asset of these instruments because of their continuous measurements. In the present work, we successfully tested the relevance of a model relating ε to the width of the Doppler spectrum peak and wind shear for shear-generated turbulence and we provide a physical interpretation of an empirical model in this context.
Hubert Luce, Lakshmi Kantha, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Dale Lawrence, Abhiram Doddi, Tyler Mixa, and Masanori Yabuki
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 3561–3580, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3561-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-3561-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Doppler radars can be used to estimate turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rates in the atmosphere. The performance of various models is evaluated from comparisons between UHF wind profiler and in situ measurements with UAVs. For the first time, we assess a model supposed to be valid for weak stratification or strong shear conditions. This model provides better agreements with in situ measurements than the classical model based on the hypothesis of a stable stratification.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Thomas Jackson, Andrei Chuprin, Malcolm Taberner, Ruth Airs, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Robert J. W. Brewin, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco P. Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Afonso Ferreira, Scott Freeman, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Ralf Goericke, Richard Gould, Nathalie Guillocheau, Stanford B. Hooker, Chuamin Hu, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Steven Lohrenz, Hubert Loisel, Antonio Mannino, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Enrique Montes, Frank Muller-Karger, Aimee Neeley, Michael Novak, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Rüdiger Röttgers, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Crystal Thomas, Rob Thomas, Gavin Tilstone, Andreia Tracana, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Bozena Wojtasiewicz, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5737–5770, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5737-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is vital to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the global compilation of bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2021) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Abhiram Doddi, Dale Lawrence, David Fritts, Ling Wang, Thomas Lund, William Brown, Dragan Zajic, and Lakshmi Kantha
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 4023–4045, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4023-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4023-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Small-scale turbulent structures are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, yet our understanding of their structure and dynamics is vastly incomplete. IDEAL aimed to improve our understanding of small-scale turbulent flow features in the lower atmosphere. A small, unmanned, fixed-wing aircraft was employed to make targeted observations of atmospheric columns. Measured data were used to guide atmospheric model simulations designed to describe the structure and dynamics of small-scale turbulence.
Svetlana Jevrejeva, Lucy Bricheno, Jennifer Brown, David Byrne, Michela De Dominicis, Andy Matthews, Stefanie Rynders, Hindumathi Palanisamy, and Judith Wolf
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2609–2626, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2609-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2609-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the role of waves, storm surges and sea level rise for the Caribbean region with a focus on the eastern Caribbean islands. We simulate past extreme events, suggesting a storm surge might reach 1.5 m and coastal wave heights up to 12 m offshore and up to 5 m near the coast of St Vincent. We provide sea level projections of up to 2.2 m by 2100. Our work provides quantitative evidence for policy-makers, scientists and local communities to actively protect against climate change.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Yngve Borsheim, Astrid Bracher, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Andrés Cianca, Hervé Claustre, Lesley Clementson, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford B. Hooker, Mati Kahru, Milton Kampel, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Raphael Kudela, Jesus Ledesma, Hubert Loisel, Patricia Matrai, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Trevor Platt, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Thomas Schroeder, Timothy Smyth, Denise Smythe-Wright, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Vincenzo Vellucci, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, Simon Wright, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1037–1068, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1037-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is useful to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2018) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Hubert Luce, Lakshmi Kantha, Hiroyuki Hashiguchi, Dale Lawrence, Masanori Yabuki, Toshitaka Tsuda, and Tyler Mixa
Ann. Geophys., 35, 423–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-423-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-423-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Results of comparisons between data collected from a VHF Doppler radar and small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are presented. The UAVs, equipped with meteorological sensors, flew nearby the radar up to an altitude of ~ 4.0 km. Both instruments detected the same clear-air refractive index gradients at a vertical scale of ~ 20 m when the vertical stratification was strong. A VHF radar can thus provide a faithful image of the vertical stratification of the atmosphere down to decimeter scales.
André Valente, Shubha Sathyendranath, Vanda Brotas, Steve Groom, Michael Grant, Malcolm Taberner, David Antoine, Robert Arnone, William M. Balch, Kathryn Barker, Ray Barlow, Simon Bélanger, Jean-François Berthon, Şükrü Beşiktepe, Vittorio Brando, Elisabetta Canuti, Francisco Chavez, Hervé Claustre, Richard Crout, Robert Frouin, Carlos García-Soto, Stuart W. Gibb, Richard Gould, Stanford Hooker, Mati Kahru, Holger Klein, Susanne Kratzer, Hubert Loisel, David McKee, Brian G. Mitchell, Tiffany Moisan, Frank Muller-Karger, Leonie O'Dowd, Michael Ondrusek, Alex J. Poulton, Michel Repecaud, Timothy Smyth, Heidi M. Sosik, Michael Twardowski, Kenneth Voss, Jeremy Werdell, Marcel Wernand, and Giuseppe Zibordi
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 235–252, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite data records. Here we describe the compilation of global bio-optical in situ data (spanning from 1997 to 2012) used for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The compilation merges and harmonizes several in situ data sources into a simple format that could be used directly for the evaluation of satellite-derived ocean-colour data.
Renata Archetti, Agnese Paci, Sandro Carniel, and Davide Bonaldo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1107–1122, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-1107-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An application to monitor the response of a beach to single storms, in order to predict shoreline changes and to plan the defence of the shore zone is presented. On the study area, Jesolo (Italy), video and current stations were installed. The methodology, which is economically attractive, proves to be a valuable system for providing detailed indications on beach erosion processes and can be used for improving the collaboration between coastal scientists and managers to solve beach-maintenance problems.
Francesco Marcello Falcieri, Lakshmi Kantha, Alvise Benetazzo, Andrea Bergamasco, Davide Bonaldo, Francesco Barbariol, Vlado Malačič, Mauro Sclavo, and Sandro Carniel
Ocean Sci., 12, 433–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-433-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-433-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Between January 30th and February 4th we collected the first turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under different wind forcing and water column structure. The vertical profiles of the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation rates showed that the presence near the sea floor of different water masses, inflowing from the open sea, can prevent the complete mixing of the water column. This dumping effect is enhanced when these masses present higher suspended sediment concentrations.
Francesco Barbariol, Francesco Marcello Falcieri, Carlotta Scotton, Alvise Benetazzo, Sandro Carniel, and Mauro Sclavo
Ocean Sci., 12, 403–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-403-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-403-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis presented in the paper aims at extending the classification capabilities of Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) within the context of ocean waves. Indeed, the intrinsic SOM difficulty in representing extremes of the wave climate is discussed and alternative strategies are proposed in order to represent the whole wave climate at a given location. Among them, a two-step SOM together with a double-side map provides the best results.
V. E. Brando, F. Braga, L. Zaggia, C. Giardino, M. Bresciani, E. Matta, D. Bellafiore, C. Ferrarin, F. Maicu, A. Benetazzo, D. Bonaldo, F. M. Falcieri, A. Coluccelli, A. Russo, and S. Carniel
Ocean Sci., 11, 909–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-909-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-909-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Sea surface temperature and turbidity, derived from satellite imagery, were used to characterize river plumes in the northern Adriatic Sea during a significant flood event in November 2014. Circulation patterns and sea surface salinity, from an operational coupled ocean-wave model, supported the interpretation of the plumes' interaction with the receiving waters and among them.
B. Nechad, K. Ruddick, T. Schroeder, K. Oubelkheir, D. Blondeau-Patissier, N. Cherukuru, V. Brando, A. Dekker, L. Clementson, A. C. Banks, S. Maritorena, P. J. Werdell, C. Sá, V. Brotas, I. Caballero de Frutos, Y.-H. Ahn, S. Salama, G. Tilstone, V. Martinez-Vicente, D. Foley, M. McKibben, J. Nahorniak, T. Peterson, A. Siliò-Calzada, R. Röttgers, Z. Lee, M. Peters, and C. Brockmann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, 319–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-319-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-7-319-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The CoastColour Round Robin (CCRR) project (European Space Agency) was designed to set up the first database for remote-sensing algorithm testing and accuracy assessment of water quality parameter retrieval in coastal waters, from satellite imagery. This paper analyses the CCRR database, which includes in situ bio-geochemical and optical measurements in various water types, match-up reflectance products from the MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), and radiative transfer simulations.
P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, V. Artale, G. L. Borzelli-Eusebi, S. Brenner, A. Crise, M. Gacic, N. Kress, S. Marullo, M. Ribera d'Alcalà, S. Sofianos, T. Tanhua, A. Theocharis, M. Alvarez, Y. Ashkenazy, A. Bergamasco, V. Cardin, S. Carniel, G. Civitarese, F. D'Ortenzio, J. Font, E. Garcia-Ladona, J. M. Garcia-Lafuente, A. Gogou, M. Gregoire, D. Hainbucher, H. Kontoyannis, V. Kovacevic, E. Kraskapoulou, G. Kroskos, A. Incarbona, M. G. Mazzocchi, M. Orlic, E. Ozsoy, A. Pascual, P.-M. Poulain, W. Roether, A. Rubino, K. Schroeder, J. Siokou-Frangou, E. Souvermezoglou, M. Sprovieri, J. Tintoré, and G. Triantafyllou
Ocean Sci., 10, 281–322, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-10-281-2014, 2014
H. Mihanović, I. Vilibić, S. Carniel, M. Tudor, A. Russo, A. Bergamasco, N. Bubić, Z. Ljubešić, D. Viličić, A. Boldrin, V. Malačič, M. Celio, C. Comici, and F. Raicich
Ocean Sci., 9, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-561-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-561-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Barbariol, F., Falcieri, F. M., Scotton, C., Benetazzo, A., Carniel, S., and Sclavo, M.: Wave extreme characterization using self-organizing maps, Ocean Sci., 12, 403–415, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-403-2016, 2016.
Bergamasco, A., Benetazzo, A., Carniel, S., Falcieri, F., Minuzzo, T., Signell, R. P., and Sclavo, M.: From interoperability to knowledge discovery using large model datasets in the marine environment: the THREDDS Data Server example, Adv. Oceanogr. Limnol., 3, 41–50, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475721.2012.669637, 2012.
Bonamano, S., Piermattei, V., Madonia, A., Paladini de Mendoza, F., Pierattini, A., Martellucci, R., Stefanì, C., Zappalà, G., Caruso, G., and Marcelli, M.: The Civitavecchia Coastal Environment Monitoring System (C-CEMS): a new tool to analyze the conflicts between coastal pressures and sensitivity areas, Ocean Sci., 12, 87–100, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-87-2016, 2016.
Brando, V. E., Braga, F., Zaggia, L., Giardino, C., Bresciani, M., Matta, E., Bellafiore, D., Ferrarin, C., Maicu, F., Benetazzo, A., Bonaldo, D., Falcieri, F. M., Coluccelli, A., Russo, A., and Carniel, S.: High-resolution satellite turbidity and sea surface temperature observations of river plume interactions during a significant flood event, Ocean Sci., 11, 909–920, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-909-2015, 2015.
Bricheno, L. M., Wolf, J., and Brown, J.: Impacts of high resolution model downscaling in coastal regions, Cont. Shelf Res., 87, 7–16, 2014.
Carniel, S., Kantha, L. H., Book, J.W., Sclavo, M., and Prandke, H.: Turbulence variability in the upper layers of the Southern Adriatic Sea under a variety of atmospheric forcing conditions, Cont. Shelf Res., 44, 39–56, 2012.
Carniel, S., Bonaldo, D., Benetazzo, A., Bergamasco, A., Boldrin, A., Falcieri, F. M., Sclavo, M., Trincardi, F., Falcieri, F. M., Langone, L., and Sclavo, M.: Off-Shelf Fluxes across the Southern Adriatic Margin: Factors Controlling Dense-Water-Driven Transport Phenomena, Mar. Geol., 375, 44–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.08.016, 2016a.
Carniel, S., Benetazzo, A., Bonaldo, D., Falcieri, F. M., Miglietta, M. M., Ricchi, A., and Sclavo, M.: Scratching beneath the surface while coupling atmosphere, ocean and waves: Analysis of a dense water formation event, Ocean Modell., 101, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.03.007, 2016b.
Collins, M., Chandler, R. E., Cox, P. M., Huthnance, J. M., Rougier, J., and Stephenson, D. B.: Quantifying future climate change, Nature Climate Change, 2, 304–409, 2012.
Cruz, J.: Ocean wave energy: current status and future perspectives, Green Energy and Technology, Springer, 2008.
Dickey, T.: Emerging ocean observations for interdisciplinary data assimilation systems, J. Marine Syst., 40–41, 5–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(03)00011-3, 2003.
Fairall, C. W., Bradley, E. F., Hare, J. E., Grachev, A. A., and Edson, J. B.: Bulk parameterization of air–sea fluxes: Updates and verification for the COARE algorithm, J. Climate, 16, 571–591, 2003.
Falcieri, F. M., Kantha, L., Benetazzo, A., Bergamasco, A., Bonaldo, D., Barbariol, F., Malacic, V., Sclavo, M., and Carniel, S.: Turbulence observations in the Gulf of Trieste under moderate wind forcing and different water column stratification, Ocean Sci., 12, 433–449, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-433-2016, 2016.
Grifoll, M., Aretxabaleta, A. L., Pelegrí, J. L., and Espino, M.: Temporal evolution of the momentum balance terms and frictional adjustment observed over the inner shelf during a storm, Ocean Sci., 12, 137–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-137-2016, 2016.
Gutiérrez, O. Q., Filipponi, F., Taramelli, A., Valentini, E., Camus, P., and Méndez, F. J.: On the feasibility of the use of wind SAR to downscale waves on shallow water, Ocean Sci., 12, 39–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-39-2016, 2016.
Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkow, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., D'Agrosa, C., Bruno, J. F., Casey, K. F., Ebert, C., Fox, H. E., Fujita, R., Heinemann, D., Lenihan, H. S., Madin, E. M., Perry, M. T., Selig, E. R., Spalding, M., Steneck, R., and Watson, R.: A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems, Science, 319, 948–952, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1149345, 2008.
Iuppa, C., Cavallaro, L., Vicinanza, D., and Foti, E.: Investigation of suitable sites for wave energy converters around Sicily (Italy), Ocean Sci., 11, 543–557, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-543-2015, 2015.
Kraus, R., Supic, N., and Precali, R.: Factors favouring phytoplankton blooms in the northern Adriatic: towards the northern Adriatic empirical ecological model, Ocean Sci., 12, 19–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-19-2016, 2016.
Lionello, P., Galati, M. B., and Elvini, E.: Extreme storm surge and wind wave climate scenario simulations at the Venetian littoral, Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C, 40–41, 86–92, 2012.
Lanotte, A. S., Corrado, R., Palatella, L., Pizzigalli, C., Schipa, I., and Santoleri, R.: Effects of vertical shear in modelling horizontal oceanic dispersion, Ocean Sci., 12, 207–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-207-2016, 2016.
Licer, M., Smerkol, P., Fettich, A., Ravdas, M., Papapostolou, A., Mantziafou, A., Strajnar, B., Cedilnik, J., Jeromel, M., Jerman, J., Petan, S., Malacic, V., and Sofianos, S.: Modeling the ocean and atmosphere during an extreme bora event in northern Adriatic using one-way and two-way atmosphere-ocean coupling, Ocean Sci., 12, 71–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-71-2016, 2016.
Liu, Y., Weisberg, R. H., and He, R.: Sea surface temperature patterns on the West Florida Shelf using growing hierarchical self-organizing maps, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 23, 325–338, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH1848.1, 2006.
Lynch, T. P., Morello, E. B., Evans, K., Richardson, A. J., Steinberg, C. R., Roughan, M., Thompson, P., Middleton, J. F., Feng, M., Sherrington, R. B., Brando, V. E., Tilbrook, B., Ridgway, K., Allen, S., Doherty, P., Hill, K., and Moltmann, T. C.: IMOS National Reference Stations: a continental scaled physical, chemical and biological coastal observing system, Plos ONE, 9, e113652, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113652, 2014.
McKiver, W. J., Sannino, G., Braga, F., and Bellafiore, D.: Investigation of model capability in capturing vertical hydrodynamic coastal processes: a case study in the north Adriatic Sea, Ocean Sci., 12, 51–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-51-2016, 2016.
Mihanovic, H., Vilibic, I., Carniel, S., Tudor, M., Russo, A., Bergamasco, A., Bubic, N., Ljubešic, Z., Vilicic, D., Boldrin, A., Malacic, V., Celio, M., Comici, C., and Raicich, F.: Exceptional dense water formation on the Adriatic shelf in the winter of 2012, Ocean Sci., 9, 561–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-561-2013, 2013.
Mitchell, S. B., Jennerjahn, T. C., Vizzini, S., and Zhang, W.: Changes to processes in estuaries and coastal waters due to intense multiple pressures–An introduction and synthesis, Estuarine, Coast. Shelf Sci., 156, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.12.027, 2015.
Olita, A., Iermano, I., Fazioli, L., Ribotti, A., Tedesco, C., Pessini, F., and Sorgente, R.: Impact of currents on surface flux computations and their feedback on dynamics at regional scales, Ocean Sci., 11, 657–666, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-657-2015, 2015.
O'Neill, A. C., Erikson, L. H., and Barnard, P. L.: Downscaling wind and wave fields for 21st century coastal flood hazard projections in a region of complex terrain, Earth Space Sci., 4, 314–334, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EA000193, 2017.
Rockel, B. and Woth, K.: Extremes of near-surface wind speed over Europe and their future changes as estimated from an ensemble of RCM simulations, Climatic Change, 81, 267–280, 2007.
Samaras, A. G., Karambas, Th. V., and Archetti, R.: Simulation of tsunami generation, propagation and coastal inundation in the Eastern Mediterranean, Ocean Sci., 11, 643–655, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-643-2015, 2015.
Sannino, G., Sanchez Garrido, J. C., Liberti, L., and Pratt, L.: Exchange flow through the Strait of Gibraltar as simulated by acoordinate hydrostatic model and a z-coordinate nonhydrostatic model, in: The Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and Spatial Patterns, John Wiley & Sons Inc., Oxford, UK, 25–50, 2014.
Signell, R. P. and Camossi, E.: Technical note: Harmonising metocean model data via standard web services within small research groups, Ocean Sci., 12, 633–645, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-633-2016, 2016.
Thorpe, S. A.: The Turbulent Ocean, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 439 pp., 2005
Umgiesser, G., Zemlys, P., Erturk, A., Razinkova-Baziukas, A., Mežine, J., and Ferrarin, C.: Seasonal renewal time variability in the Curonian Lagoon caused by atmospheric and hydrographical forcing, Ocean Sci., 12, 391–402, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-12-391-2016, 2016.
Usui, N., Fujii, Y., Sakamoto, K., and Kamachi, M.: Development of a Four-Dimensional Variational Assimilation System for Coastal Data Assimilation around Japan, Mon. Weather Rev., 143, 3874–3892, https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-14-00326.1, 2015.
Warner, J. C., Armstrong, B., He, R., and Zambon, J. B.: Development of a coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave–sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system, Ocean Model., 35, 230–244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.07.010, 2010.
Williams P. D., Cullen, M. J. P. and, Huthnance, J. M.: How mathematical models can aid our understanding of climate, EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 92, p. 482, 2011.