Articles | Volume 11, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-93-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-93-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jan 2015
Research article |
| 21 Jan 2015
Consequences of artificial deepwater ventilation in the Bornholm Basin for oxygen conditions, cod reproduction and benthic biomass – a model study
A. Stigebrandt
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
R. Rosenberg
Dept. of Biological and Environmental Sciences – Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
L. Råman Vinnå
EPFL ENAC IIE APHYS, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Ödalen
Dept. of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Revised manuscript not accepted
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Sediment core data reveal that the Baltic Proper has switched rapidly from eutrophic and oligotrophic state. Switches are connected to weakening of the vertical deepwater stratification caused by rarely occurring extended periods lacking large inflows of new deepwater. The internal phosphorus (P) source from anoxic bottoms is then shut off and the total P supply decreases drastically. A P budget model shows that the surface layer P concentration will decrease drastically.
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Polynyas are large openings in polar sea ice that can influence global climate and ocean circulation. After disappearing for 40 years, major polynyas reappeared in the Weddell Sea in 2016 and 2017, sparking new scientific questions. Our review explores how ocean currents, atmospheric conditions, and deep ocean heat drive their formation. These polynyas impact ecosystems, carbon exchange, and deep water formation, but their future remains uncertain, requiring better observations and models.
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The Weddell Sea Polynya (WSP) is a large, closed-off opening in winter sea ice that has opened only a couple of times since we started using satellites to observe sea ice. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the WSP on the atmosphere. We use three numerical models of the atmosphere, and for each, we use two levels of detail. We find that the WSP causes warming but only locally, alongside an increase in precipitation, and shows some dependence on the large-scale background winds.
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Planktic and shallow benthic foraminiferal stable carbon isotope
(δ13C) data show a rapid decline during the last deglaciation. This widespread signal was linked to respired carbon released from the deep ocean and its transport through the upper-ocean circulation. Using numerical simulations in which a stronger flux of respired carbon upwells and outcrops in the Southern Ocean, we find that the depleted δ13C signal is transmitted to the rest of the upper ocean through air–sea gas exchange.
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In glacial periods, ocean uptake of carbon is likely a key player for achieving low atmospheric CO2. In climate models, ocean biological uptake of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) are often assumed to occur in fixed proportions.
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We conclude that different initial states for an ocean model result in different capacities for ocean carbon storage due to differences in the ocean circulation state and the origin of the carbon in the initial ocean carbon reservoir. This could explain why it is difficult to achieve comparable responses of the ocean carbon system in model inter-comparison studies in which the initial states vary between models. We show that this effect of the initial state is quantifiable.
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Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
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Sediment core data reveal that the Baltic Proper has switched rapidly from eutrophic and oligotrophic state. Switches are connected to weakening of the vertical deepwater stratification caused by rarely occurring extended periods lacking large inflows of new deepwater. The internal phosphorus (P) source from anoxic bottoms is then shut off and the total P supply decreases drastically. A P budget model shows that the surface layer P concentration will decrease drastically.
Related subject area
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This study investigates the effects of the wave–current interactions in a region where episodes of strong cross-shelf wind occur. To do so, a coupled system between two numerical models has been implemented. The results do not show substantial differences in the water current patterns, but a clear effect on the water column stratification has been found. Additionally, stronger impact is observed for the wave period rather than the wave height.
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Short summary
The hydrographical and ecological changes in the deep part of the Bornholm Basin in response to pumping well-oxygenated so-called winter water down to the greatest depth are investigated. By pumping 1000 m3s-1, the rates of water exchange and oxygen supply increase by 2.5 and 3 times, respectively. Anoxic bottoms should no longer occur and hypoxic events will become rare. This should mean much improved conditions for successful cod reproduction, extensive colonization of fauna on earlier periodi
The hydrographical and ecological changes in the deep part of the Bornholm Basin in response to...
