the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The shallow meridional overturning circulation of the South China Sea
N. Zhang
J. Lan
F. Cui
Abstract. In this paper, the structure and formation mechanism of the annual-mean shallow meridional overturning circulation of the South China Sea (SCS) are investigated. A distinct clockwise overturning circulation is present above 400 m in the SCS on the climatological annual mean scale. The shallow meridional overturning circulation consists of downwelling in the northern SCS, a southward subsurface branch supplying upwelling in the southern SCS and a northward return flow of surface water. The formation mechanism is explored by studying causes of the branches constituting the meridional overturning circulation. The surface branch is driven by the annual mean zonal component of the wind stress which is predominantly westward. Another effect of the wind is Ekman pumping related subduction in the north hence the main source of downwelling there. The mixed layer depth reaches its maximum in winter and shoals in spring, which causes the thermocline to outcrop and ventilate. Part of the water mass from the bottom of the mixed layer subducts into the thermocline and flows southward along the isopycnals. The upwelling region is mainly along the Vietnam coast and in the open-ocean off it. In summer, the alongshore component of wind stress off Vietnam can cause coastal upwelling and the increase of alongshore wind off the coast can also cause great upwelling in the open-ocean off the Vietnam coast.
N. Zhang et al.


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RC C390: 'minor revisions', Qiang Li, 21 May 2014
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RC C423: 'Referee's comment on Zhang et al.', Christopher W. Hughes, 27 May 2014
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RC C455: 'Review of "The shallow meridional overturning circulation of the South China Sea"', Chao Li, 02 Jun 2014
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RC C501: 'Review of "The shallow meridional overturning circulation of the South China Sea"', Anonymous Referee #4, 13 Jun 2014
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SC C516: 'Reply to referee Qiang Li', Ningning Zhang, 23 Jun 2014
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SC C522: 'Reply to referee C. W. Hughes', Ningning Zhang, 23 Jun 2014
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SC C523: 'Reply to referee Chao Li', Ningning Zhang, 23 Jun 2014
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AC C611: 'supplements to several questions and reply to the anonymous referee', Jian Lan, 22 Jul 2014


-
RC C390: 'minor revisions', Qiang Li, 21 May 2014
-
RC C423: 'Referee's comment on Zhang et al.', Christopher W. Hughes, 27 May 2014
-
RC C455: 'Review of "The shallow meridional overturning circulation of the South China Sea"', Chao Li, 02 Jun 2014
-
RC C501: 'Review of "The shallow meridional overturning circulation of the South China Sea"', Anonymous Referee #4, 13 Jun 2014
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SC C516: 'Reply to referee Qiang Li', Ningning Zhang, 23 Jun 2014
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SC C522: 'Reply to referee C. W. Hughes', Ningning Zhang, 23 Jun 2014
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SC C523: 'Reply to referee Chao Li', Ningning Zhang, 23 Jun 2014
-
AC C611: 'supplements to several questions and reply to the anonymous referee', Jian Lan, 22 Jul 2014
N. Zhang et al.
N. Zhang et al.
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Cited
4 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On the near-inertial variations of meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea J. Xiao et al. 10.5194/os-12-335-2016
- Seasonal variability of the meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea and its connection with inter‐ocean transport based on SODA2.2.4 Y. Zhu et al. 10.1002/2015JC011443
- Upwelling of Pacific Intermediate Water in the South China Sea Revealed by Coral Radiocarbon Record A. Bolton et al. 10.1017/RDC.2015.4
- Progress on deep circulation and meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea D. Wang et al. 10.1007/s11430-016-5324-6