OS Ocean Science OS Ocean Sci. 1812-0792 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/os-5-661-2009 Optical tools for ocean monitoring and research Moore C. 1 Barnard A. 1 Fietzek P. 2 Lewis M. R. 3 Sosik H. M. 4 White S. 4 Zielinski O. 5 WET Labs, Inc., Corvallis, Oregon, USA Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Chemical Oceanography, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Satlantic, Inc. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Institute for Marine Resources, University of Applied Sciences, Bremerhaven, Germany 10 12 2009 5 4 661 684 Copyright: © 2009 C. Moore et al. 2009 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is available from https://os.copernicus.org/articles/5/661/2009/os-5-661-2009.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://os.copernicus.org/articles/5/661/2009/os-5-661-2009.pdf

Requirements for understanding the relationships between ocean color and suspended and dissolved materials within the water column, and a rapidly emerging photonics and materials technology base for performing optical based analytical techniques have generated a diverse offering of commercial sensors and research prototypes that perform optical measurements in water. Through inversion, these tools are now being used to determine a diverse set of related biogeochemical and physical parameters. Techniques engaged include measurement of the solar radiance distribution, absorption, scattering, stimulated fluorescence, flow cytometry, and various spectroscopy methods. Selective membranes and other techniques for material isolation further enhance specificity, leading to sensors for measurement of dissolved oxygen, methane, carbon dioxide, common nutrients and a variety of other parameters. Scientists are using these measurements to infer information related to an increasing set of parameters and wide range of applications over relevant scales in space and time.

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